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🄼 Histo/Rx(TB/anemia/immuno)/Mycology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Structural Characteristics of Yeast & Mold

Identify the structures

A
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2
Q

Identify Characteristics of yeast

A
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3
Q

A: What is the Fungal Cell wall made of?

A

A: Chitin

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4
Q
A

Arthroconidia

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5
Q
A

Chlamydoconidia

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6
Q
A

Macroconidia and microconidia

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7
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: Calcofluor Stain

B: Candida Albicans

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8
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: Gram Stain

B: Candida Albicans

Candida albicans produces clusters of round blastoconidia along the hyphae and particularly at points of septa

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9
Q

A: Describe the colonies Candida Albicans produce (2)

B: Which agar

A

[White-cream colored and pasty] colonies on [Sabouraud Dextrose Agar]

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10
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) Stain

B: Candida Albicans

Note the blastoconidia and branched PseudoHyphae

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11
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: Gram Stain

B: Cryptococcus

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12
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: [GMS Stain]

B: Cryptococcus

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13
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: Mucicarmine Stain

B: Cryptococcus

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14
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: GMS Stain

B: Blastomycosis

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15
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: PAS Stain

B: Blastomycosis

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16
Q

Risk Factors for Candida Albicans (4)

A

” CADD puts u at risk for Candida! “

  1. Abx Therapy (elimination of endogenous flora)
  2. Corticosteroids
  3. [DEC T-cell function]
  4. DM
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17
Q

Risk Factors for Mucormycosis (6)

A

CIMBAL

  1. [Acidotic DM]
  2. Malnourished children
  3. Burned pts-severe
  4. Leukopenia-severe
  5. Immunosuppressive Disorders
  6. [Corticosteroids & other immunosuppresants]
18
Q

Describe the infections caused by Aspergillus (4)

A
  1. Allergic Aspergillosis
  2. [Fungus ball] - TB / Emphysema
  3. Invasive Aspergillosis
  4. Dissemination Infection
19
Q

Describe the infections caused by Mucormycetes (6)

A
  1. RhinoCerebral
  2. Pulmonary
  3. GI Tract
  4. Cutaneous
  5. Disseminated Dz (starts with minor trauma/insect bites/iatrogenic)–> arterial invasion–>[Embolization and necrosis]
  6. Periorbital
20
Q

List and Describe infections caused by Dermatophytes (4)

A

Affects Keratinized tissues (skin/hair/nails) via close personal contact

  1. [TPAF- Tinea Pedis Athlete’s Foot]-most common
  2. Tinea Capitis- invasion of hair & scalp –> Dull/lusterless hair
  3. Tinea Corporis- [occurs on children’s face/shoulder/arms as raised red serpiginous border= Ringworm]
  4. Tinea Cruris- Infection of “private areas” occuring more in men–> [Erythema/Itching/Burning]
21
Q

A: Which type of cells do Dermatophytes fungi affect?

B: How is it transmitted?

C: What’s the most common dermatophyte infection?

A

A: Affects Keratinized tissues (skin/hair/nails)

B: via close personal contact

C: [TPAF-Tinea Pedis Athlete’s Foot]

22
Q

What’s the most common [Opportunistic Fungal pathogen]?

A

Candida Albicans

23
Q

Characterisitcs of Candida Albicans (4)

A
  1. GI/GU Normal Flora
  2. Oval budding yeast in bodily fluids
  3. Pseudohyphae in tissues
  4. Colonies resemble bacteria in culture
24
Q

Characterisitcs of Aspergillus (3)

B: Where are they found (3)

C: Which Aspergillus is the most imp species

D: How Aspergillus identified (2)

A
  1. Rapidly growing mold
  2. DiChotomous Branching
  3. Septate Hyphae

B: Found in soil/air/construction dust

C: FumigaTus

D: Color and Structures

25
Q

Characterisitcs of Mucormycosis (2)

A
  1. [Woolly white-grey Growth]
  2. [Broad / NonSeptated Hyphae w/90º ribbon-like branching]
26
Q

A: Name the 3 Genera of Dermatophytes

B: How should you collect the specimens for culture? (2)

A
  1. EpiDermophyton
  2. Microsporum
  3. Trichophyton

B:

  • Scrape the leading edge of skin lesion and directly examine with [Calcofluor or KOH].
  • Remove infected hair at shaft and examine under Wood’s Light
27
Q

A: 5 Classic Clinical Manifestations of Cryptococcosis yeast infection

B: When does DEATH typically occur for these pts if left untreated?

A
  1. [MeningoEncephalitits] at presentation w/[HA/nausea/gait problems/hydrocephalus]
  2. Deepening coma (occurs eventually if untreated)—> Death
  3. Raised Skin lesions from yeast dissemination (immunocompromised pts)
  4. Multiorgan involvement (pulm/brain/liver/heart)–> [chest/cough/hepatitis/carditis]
  5. CXR with 1 or more well-localized infiltrates

B: 2 Weeks -Years after sx onset

28
Q

A: Which Lab test is used to diagnose Cryptococcosis neoformans

B: In which 2 locations does it detect serum

C: 3 Culturing Characteristics

A

A: [CALA - Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination]

B: CSF and serum

C: [Fast growing but slower than Candida] / [cream-to-pinkish/yellowish] / [Can grow at 37 C]

29
Q

Name the 6 Dimorphic Fungi and the Infections they cause

A

” PBS Plays Corny History”

  1. Histoplasma capSulatum–>Histoplasmosis
  2. Blastomyces dermatitidis–>[Chicago Dz]
  3. Coccidioides immitis –> [San Joaquin Valley Fever & Desert Rheumatism]
  4. Sporothrix schenckii
  5. ParaCoccidioides brasili
  6. Penicillium Marneffei
30
Q

A: Pulmonary sx of Histoplasmosis (2)

B: Disseminated sx of Histoplasmosis (2)

C: Pathogenesis

A

A: Pulmonary sx: [Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy] that can –> [cavitating lesion] + [Constitutitional sx]

B: Disseminated sx: CNS Spread and general spread —> Hepatosplenomegaly

C: Histoplasma grows in macrophages after its Conidia are inhaled by host & then converted to yeast. Multiply & spread to Liver/Spleen/Lung (forms Lung granuloma)

31
Q

A: Blastomycosis Histology

B: Describe the Blastomycosis infection (4)

C: Describe the CXR (2)

A

A: [Broad Base Budding] histologically

B: [Lytic Bone/Nodular/Skin lesions] + [Fever & Productive cough] + [Hilar lymphadenopathy] + [progressive chronic PNA]

C: Alveolar or Nodular Infiltrates

32
Q

A: Coccidiomycosis Pathogenesis

B: Classic Sx and what demographic is it seen in

C: Dz Course Progression

D: Person-to-perosn transmission?

A

A: Dust Inhalation of [Arthroconidia] travels to alveoli where Monocytes phagocytose them, and are then converted –> [Spherule filled w/endospores]

B: [Erythema Nodosum]-mostly seen in [White women]

C: Dissemination may occur; but most resolve Spontenaously

D: NO

33
Q
A

[Erythema Nodosum]

mostly seen in [White women] w/ Coccidiomycosis

34
Q

A: SubQ Mycoses

B: What organism and what route of transmission?

C: What are the 2 subtypes of [SubQ Mycoses]

A

A: [Skin and Underlying tissue infection] without dissemination.

B: Humans are accidental host! Occurs w/Trauma w/ Saprophytic Fungi

C: Sporotrichosis vs. Chromoblastomycosis

35
Q

A: Sporotrichosis Pathogenesis

B: Causative Organism

C: Description of Organism

A

A: [Inhalation or Traumatic Skin inoculation]–> Granulomatous response —> [Dissemination to Bones/ CNS/ Lungs(rare)] associated with [Ulcerating Papular skin lesions] + [Firm Lymphatic Nodules]

B: Sporothrix Schenckii

C: [Cigar shaped yeast associated with rose thorns and moss]

36
Q

A: Organism

B: Size & Description of this organism

C: Oval or Round?

D: Associated with what 3 things?

A

A: Cryptococcus

B: [(4-6 µm) + [encapsulated polysaccharide capsule]]

C: ROUND

D: Associated with [Pigeon droppings / soil / AIDS pts]

37
Q

A: Physical Description of Histoplasmosis (3)

B: Associated with what 3 things?

C: Where is it concentrated? (2)

D: Primary lesion for Histoplasmosis is a ______

E: Does it have microconidia or Marcoconidia?

A

A: [(2-4 µm) WITH NO CAPSULE] + [Septate and Hyaline Hyphae] + [Tuberculate/unicellular/Hyaline Macroconidia]

B: Associated with [Soil/Bird and Bat Droppings]

C: OH and [Mississippi River Valleys]

D: Lung Granuloma

E: BOTH

38
Q

Blastomyces

A: Physical Description (4)

B: Location

C: Associated with ___ and ____

A

A: Blastomycosis is like LSD

  • [Large thick wall]
  • [Broad Based Buds (nonUnique)]
  • [Solitary & Pyriform in shape= Lollipop]
  • [Double-contoured refractile walls attaching bud to parent in Yeast cells]

B: Central U.S.

C: Soil and Wood

39
Q

Coccidioides immitis

A: Location

B: Describe the Mold’s Arthroconidia in culture

A

A: Southwest U.S. Desert

B: Barrel Shaped

40
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

  • A: Location*
  • B: 4 Predisposing elements*
  • C:* Cryptococcus neoformans is the only _____ yeast that is ________
A

A: Found all throughout World

(Associated with Pigeon Dropping/ soil / AIDS pts)

B: AIDS / [High dose Corticosteroids] / Sarcoidosis / Lymphoma

C: Is the only encapsulated yeast that is pathogenic

41
Q

Cryptococcus gatti

  • A: Location (3)*
  • B: Special Characteristic*
A

A: [South Cali] / Mexico / [Pacific NW]

B: IS NOT PATHOGENIC

🄼 Histo/Rx(TB/anemia/immuno)/Mycology (3 decks)

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