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🄼 Histo/Rx(TB/anemia/immuno)/Mycology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Structural Characteristics of Yeast & Mold

Identify the structures

A
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2
Q

Identify Characteristics of yeast

A
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3
Q

A: What is the Fungal Cell wall made of?

A

A: Chitin

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4
Q
A

Arthroconidia

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5
Q
A

Chlamydoconidia

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6
Q
A

Macroconidia and microconidia

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7
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: Calcofluor Stain

B: Candida Albicans

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8
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: Gram Stain

B: Candida Albicans

Candida albicans produces clusters of round blastoconidia along the hyphae and particularly at points of septa

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9
Q

A: Describe the colonies Candida Albicans produce (2)

B: Which agar

A

[White-cream colored and pasty] colonies on [Sabouraud Dextrose Agar]

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10
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) Stain

B: Candida Albicans

Note the blastoconidia and branched PseudoHyphae

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11
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: Gram Stain

B: Cryptococcus

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12
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: [GMS Stain]

B: Cryptococcus

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13
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: Mucicarmine Stain

B: Cryptococcus

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14
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: GMS Stain

B: Blastomycosis

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15
Q

A: What stain is this?

B: What organism does it identify?

A

A: PAS Stain

B: Blastomycosis

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16
Q

Risk Factors for Candida Albicans (4)

A

” CADD puts u at risk for Candida! “

  1. Abx Therapy (elimination of endogenous flora)
  2. Corticosteroids
  3. [DEC T-cell function]
  4. DM
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17
Q

Risk Factors for Mucormycosis (6)

A

CIMBAL

  1. [Acidotic DM]
  2. Malnourished children
  3. Burned pts-severe
  4. Leukopenia-severe
  5. Immunosuppressive Disorders
  6. [Corticosteroids & other immunosuppresants]
18
Q

Describe the infections caused by Aspergillus (4)

A
  1. Allergic Aspergillosis
  2. [Fungus ball] - TB / Emphysema
  3. Invasive Aspergillosis
  4. Dissemination Infection
19
Q

Describe the infections caused by Mucormycetes (6)

A
  1. RhinoCerebral
  2. Pulmonary
  3. GI Tract
  4. Cutaneous
  5. Disseminated Dz (starts with minor trauma/insect bites/iatrogenic)–> arterial invasion–>[Embolization and necrosis]
  6. Periorbital
20
Q

List and Describe infections caused by Dermatophytes (4)

A

Affects Keratinized tissues (skin/hair/nails) via close personal contact

  1. [TPAF- Tinea Pedis Athlete’s Foot]-most common
  2. Tinea Capitis- invasion of hair & scalp –> Dull/lusterless hair
  3. Tinea Corporis- [occurs on children’s face/shoulder/arms as raised red serpiginous border= Ringworm]
  4. Tinea Cruris- Infection of “private areas” occuring more in men–> [Erythema/Itching/Burning]
21
Q

A: Which type of cells do Dermatophytes fungi affect?

B: How is it transmitted?

C: What’s the most common dermatophyte infection?

A

A: Affects Keratinized tissues (skin/hair/nails)

B: via close personal contact

C: [TPAF-Tinea Pedis Athlete’s Foot]

22
Q

What’s the most common [Opportunistic Fungal pathogen]?

A

Candida Albicans

23
Q

Characterisitcs of Candida Albicans (4)

A
  1. GI/GU Normal Flora
  2. Oval budding yeast in bodily fluids
  3. Pseudohyphae in tissues
  4. Colonies resemble bacteria in culture
24
Q

Characterisitcs of Aspergillus (3)

B: Where are they found (3)

C: Which Aspergillus is the most imp species

D: How Aspergillus identified (2)

A
  1. Rapidly growing mold
  2. DiChotomous Branching
  3. Septate Hyphae

B: Found in soil/air/construction dust

C: FumigaTus

D: Color and Structures

25
Characterisitcs of **Mucormycosis** (2)
1. [Woolly white-grey Growth] 2. [Broad / NonSeptated Hyphae w/90º ribbon-like branching]
26
A: Name the 3 Genera of **Dermatophytes** B: How should you collect the specimens for culture? (2)
1. EpiDermophyton 2. Microsporum 3. Trichophyton B: - Scrape the leading edge of skin lesion and directly examine with [Calcofluor or KOH]. - Remove infected hair at shaft and examine under *Wood*'s Light
27
A: 5 Classic *Clinical* Manifestations of **Cryptococcosis** yeast infection B: When does DEATH typically occur for these pts if left untreated?
1. [MeningoEncephalitits] at presentation w/[HA/nausea/gait problems/hydrocephalus] 2. Deepening coma (occurs eventually if untreated)---\> Death 3. Raised Skin lesions from yeast dissemination (*immunocompromised pts*) 4. _Multiorgan_ involvement (pulm/brain/liver/heart)--\> [chest/cough/hepatitis/carditis] 5. CXR with 1 or more well-localized infiltrates B: 2 Weeks -Years after sx onset
28
A: Which Lab test is used to diagnose **Cryptococcosis** *neoformans* B: In which 2 locations does it detect serum C: 3 Culturing Characteristics
A: [**CALA -** Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination] B: CSF and serum C: [Fast growing but slower than Candida] / [cream-to-pinkish/yellowish] / [Can grow at 37 C]
29
_Name_ the 6 **Dimorphic Fungi** and the _Infections_ they cause
" **PBS P**lays **C**orny **H**istory" 1. **H**istoplasma capSulatum--\>Histoplasmosis 2. **B**lastomyces dermatitidis--\>[Chicago Dz] 3. **C**occidioides immitis --\> [San Joaquin Valley Fever & Desert Rheumatism] 4. **S**porothrix schenckii 5. **P**araCoccidioides brasili 6. **P**enicillium Marneffei
30
A: Pulmonary sx of **Histoplasmosis** (2) B: Disseminated sx of **Histoplasmosis** (2) C: Pathogenesis
A: Pulmonary sx: [Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy] that can --\> [cavitating lesion] + [Constitutitional sx] B: Disseminated sx: CNS Spread and general spread ---\> Hepatosplenomegaly C: **Histoplasma** grows in macrophages after its Conidia are *inhaled* by host & then converted to yeast. Multiply & spread to Liver/Spleen/Lung (forms Lung granuloma)
31
A: **Blastomycosis** Histology B: Describe the **Blastomycosis** infection (4) C: Describe the CXR (2)
A: [*B*road *B*ase *B*udding] histologically B: [Lytic Bone/Nodular/Skin _lesions_] + [Fever & Productive cough] + [Hilar lymphadenopathy] + [progressive chronic PNA] C: Alveolar or Nodular Infiltrates
32
A: **Coccidiomycosis** Pathogenesis B: Classic Sx and what demographic is it seen in C: Dz Course Progression D: Person-to-perosn transmission?
A: *Dust* Inhalation of [_Arthroconidia]_ travels to alveoli where Monocytes phagocytose them, and are then converted --\> [Spherule filled w/endospores] B: [Erythema Nodosum]-mostly seen in [White women] C: Dissemination may occur; but most resolve Spontenaously D: NO
33
[Erythema Nodosum] mostly seen in [White women] w/ **Coccidiomycosis**
34
A: SubQ Mycoses B: What organism and what route of transmission? C: What are the 2 subtypes of [SubQ Mycoses]
A: [Skin and Underlying tissue infection] **without dissemination**. B: Humans are accidental host! Occurs w/Trauma w/ *Saprophytic Fungi* C: **Sporotrichosis vs. Chromoblastomycosis**
35
A: **Sporotrichosis** Pathogenesis B: Causative Organism C: Description of Organism
A: [Inhalation or Traumatic Skin inoculation]--\> Granulomatous response ---\> [Dissemination to Bones/ CNS/ Lungs(*rare*)] associated with [**Ulcerating** **Papular skin lesions**] + [Firm Lymphatic Nodules] B: **Sporothrix Schenckii** C: [Cigar shaped yeast associated with rose thorns and moss]
36
A: Organism B: Size & Description of this organism C: Oval or Round? D: Associated with what 3 things?
A: **Cryptococcus** B: [(4-6 µm) + [encapsulated polysaccharide capsule]] C: ROUND D: Associated with [Pigeon droppings / soil / AIDS pts]
37
A: Physical Description of **Histoplasmosis** (3) B: Associated with what 3 things? C: _Where_ is it concentrated? (2) D: Primary lesion for **Histoplasmosis** is a \_\_\_\_\_\_ E: Does it have microconidia or Marcoconidia?
A: [(2-4 µm) **WITH NO CAPSULE**] + [Septate and Hyaline Hyphae] + [Tuberculate/unicellular/Hyaline Macroconidia] B: Associated with [Soil/Bird and Bat Droppings] C: OH and [Mississippi River Valleys] D: Lung Granuloma E: BOTH
38
**Blastomyces** ## Footnote A: Physical Description (4) B: Location C: Associated with ___ and \_\_\_\_
A: **B**lastomycosis is like **LSD** * [**L**arge thick wall] * [***B***road *B*ased *B*uds (nonUnique)] * [**S**olitary & Pyriform in shape= **Lollipop**] * [**D**ouble-contoured refractile walls attaching bud to parent in Yeast cells] B: Central U.S. C: Soil and Wood
39
**Coccidioides _immitis_** A: Location B: Describe the Mold's *Arthroconidia* **in culture**
A: Southwest U.S. Desert B: Barrel Shaped
40
**Cryptococcus _neoformans_** * A: Location* * B: 4 Predisposing elements* * C:* **Cryptococcus _neoformans_** *is the only _____ yeast that is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*
A: Found all throughout World (*Associated with Pigeon Dropping/ soil / AIDS pts*) B: AIDS / [High dose Corticosteroids] / Sarcoidosis / Lymphoma C: Is the only _encapsulated yeast_ that is **pathogenic**
41
**Cryptococcus _gatti_** * A: Location (3)* * B: Special Characteristic*
A: [South Cali] / Mexico / [Pacific NW] B: **IS NOT PATHOGENIC**

🄼 Histo/Rx(TB/anemia/immuno)/Mycology (3 decks)

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