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MICRO - FirstAid > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

systemic mycoses can all do what to the human body? all are caused by what broad class of fungi?

A

pneumonia and dissemination

dimorphic fungi

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2
Q

What is the only fungi that is not a yeast in when in tissue? What form is it?

A

coccidioidomycoses - its a spheryule

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3
Q

What is the treatment for all fungal local infections?

A

fluconazole or itraconazole

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4
Q

What is the treatment for a systemic fungal infection?

A

amphotericin B

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5
Q

Systemic mycoses mimic what other disease process (caused by infective organism)?
What is the only difference?

A
  • mimics TB (granuloma formation)

- difference is that TB is spread person to person while systemic mycoses is not

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6
Q

histoplasmosis:

1) Endemic location?
2) pathologic feature - fun way to remember this?
3) causes what problem?
4) how to get?

A

1) Mississippi and Ohio River valleys
2) Macrophages are filled with histoplasma (smaller than RBC) - (Think: “H”isto “H”ides (within macrophades)
3) pneumonia
4) bat or bird poop

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7
Q

Blastomycosis

1) Endemic location?
2) pathologic feature - fun way to remember this?
3) causes what problem?
4) how to get?

A

1) States east of Mississippi River and Central America
2) BROAD-BASE BUDS (same size as RBC) - (Think: “B”lasto “B”uds “B”roadly)
3) inflammatory lung disease & can disseminate to skin and bone - forms granulomatous nodules
4) ?

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8
Q

*BROAD BASE BUDS THINK WHAT ORGANISM?

A

blastomycosis

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9
Q

Bird or bat poop - think what organism?

A

histoplasmosis

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10
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

1) Endemic location?
2) pathologic feature - fun way to remember this?
3) causes what problem?
4) how to get?

A

1) Southwestern US, Cali
2) SPHERULE filled with endospores! (much larger than RBC) (Think: “C”occidio “C”rowds)
3) -pneumonia and meningitis - can disseminate to bone and skiin
- (San Joaquin) Valley fever
- Desert bumps-erythema nodosum
- Desery rheumatism-arthralgias
4) spores in dust are thrown up in the air and become spherules in the lungs - cases usually increase after earthquakes

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11
Q

What does dimorphic fungus actually mean bc sadly I still cant remember…?

A

mold in environment but yeast in body.

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12
Q

Organism looks like a spherule - what does it look like?

A

coccidioidomycoses

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13
Q

San Joaquin Valley fever - what organism?

A

coccidioidomycoses

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14
Q

Desert bumps-erythema nodosum

A

coccidioidomycoses

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15
Q

Desery rheumatism-arthralgias

A

coccidioidomycoses

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16
Q

Paracoccidioidomycoses

1) Endemic location?
2) pathologic feature - fun way to remember this?

A

1) LATIN AMERICA
2) Budding yeast with captains wheel formation - (much larger than RBC) (Think: “PARA”coccidio “PARA”sails with the “CAPTAINS WHEEL” all the way to “LATIN AMERICA”)

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17
Q

captains wheel appearance under the microscope - what organism?

A

paracoccidiodomycoses

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18
Q

cutaneous mycoses - organisms (2)

A

-malassezia furfur

Dermophytes:

  • microsporum (not dimorphic)
  • trichophyton (not dimorphic)
  • epidermophytom (not dimorphic)
19
Q

Malassezia furfur-

1) causes what disease?
2) How does above condition occur?
3) Where does this condition usually occur?
4) Tx?
5) characteristic appearance?

A

1) tinea versicolor
2) degredation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmented patches
3) occurs in HOT and HUMID weather
4) TX: topical miconazole, selenium sulfide
5) spaghetti and meatball appearance

20
Q

Tinea versicolor-

1) causative organism?
* *2) characteristic appearance

A
  • malassezia furfur

- spaghetti and meatballs!

21
Q

spaghetti and meatball appearance - what organism?

A

malassezia furfur

22
Q

tinea unguium - fungi of what body part?

A

onychomycosis, on fingernails

23
Q

Puritic lesions with central clearing resembling a ring -

1) what kind of condition is this?
2) caused by what type of organism and name the organisms
3) How does organism appear with what special prep?

A

1) tinea issue
2) Dermophytes:
- microsporum (not dimorphic)
- trichophyton (not dirphic)
- epidermophytom (not dimorphic)
3) mold hyphae with KOH prep

24
Q

Candida albicans-

1) what kind of fungus?
2) at 20C appearance?
3) at 37C appearance?
4) what kinds of infections?

A

1) dimorphic yeast
2) pseudohyphae and budding yeasts
3) germ tubes
4) systemic or superficial fungal infection

25
Q

Candida albicans

1) what conditions result from infection?
2) TX?

A

1) -oral and esophageal thrush in immunocompro (steroid, diabetes, AIDS,neonates)
- vulvovaginitis in diabetics and w/ antibiotic use
- diaper rash
- endocarditis in IV drug users
- disseminated candidiasis (any organ)
- chrnic mucocutaneous candidiasis
2) Tx: -topical azole for vaginal
- fluconazole or caspofugin for oral/esophageal
- fluconazole, amphotericin B, or caspofugin for systemic

26
Q

aspergillus fumigatus

1) In what people does this fungus frequently occur?
2) conditions caused?
3) characteristic appearances?
4) what type of fungus?

A

1) -invasive especially in immunocompro and those with chronic granulomatous disease
2) -invasive…
- allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) associated with asthma and CF; may cause bronchiectasis and eosinophilia
- aspergillomas in lung cavities - esp after TB infection
- aflatoxins –> potential for HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma)
3) - septate hyphae that branch at 45degrees
- conidiophore with radiating chains of spores
4) NOT DIMORPHIC

27
Q

germ tube appearance at 37C - what organism?

A

candida albicans

28
Q

Afltoxins associated with which fungus? What condition is this toxin associated with?

A
  • aspergillus fumigatus

- HCC

29
Q

cryptococcus neoformans

1) causes what conditions?
2) type of fungus?
3) appearance?
4) what stain works well?

A

1) cryptococcal meningitis and cryptococcosis
2) heavily encapsulated yeast - NOT DIMORPHIC
3) wide capsular halos - unequal budding
4) india ink and mucicarmine

30
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

1) Cultured on what agar?
2) Where is this fungus found in environment?
3) How to detect this fungus? What exactly are we detecting?
4) how do we get this fungus in our body?

A

1) Sabouraud agar
2) Found in soil, pigeon poop
3) detect with latex agglutination test - detects polysaccharide antigen

“SOAP BUBBLE” LESIONS IN BRAIN

31
Q

india ink stain - what organism?

A

cryptococcus neoformans

32
Q

***septate hyphae that branch at 45degrees

A

aspergillus funigatus (Think: “A” for “A”cute “A”ngles in “A”spergillus

33
Q

Tx for mucor and rhizopus spp.?

A

amphotericin B

34
Q

pseudohyphae and budding yeasts at 20C - what organism?

A

candida albicans

35
Q

“soap bubble” lesions in brain?

A

cryptococcus neoformans

36
Q

conidiophore with radiating chains of spores

A

aspergillus funigatus

37
Q

Wide angle branching - what fungus -

A

mucor

38
Q

mucor and rhizopus -

1) cause what condition?
2) What patient population most susceptible?
3) What does organism do in body?
4) Presentation?
5) Tx?

A

1) mucormycosis
2) ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients
3) fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose, penetrate cribriform plate, and enter brain = rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses
4) headache, facial pain, black necrotic eschar on face, CN may become involved
5) amphoteritin B

39
Q

Pneumocystitis jirovecii

1) What disease?
2) What kind of fungi?
3) How do humans get this disease?

A

1) pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) - diffuse interstitial
2) Yeast
3) Inhalation

40
Q

Pneumocystitis jirovecii:

1) Presentation in patients?
2) what patients most susceptible?
3) Appareance on CXR?

A

1) Asymptomatic!
2) immunosuppressed (AIDS)
3) diffuse and bilateral

41
Q

Pneumocystitis jirovecii:

1) Diagosis?
2) What stain used and appearance?
3) Tx?

A

1) diagnosed by lung biopsy or lavage
2) use methenamine silver stain = get disc shaped yeast
3) TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone (prophylaxis), atovaquone (prophylaxis).
If CD4 count drops below 200 (full blown aids yo) - give prophylaxis

42
Q

Sprorothrix schenckii

1) disease caused?
2) type of fungus?
3) appearance?
4) where is this fungus in the environemtn?
5) classic way to get this disease?

A

1) sporotrichosis
2) dimorphic
3) cigar shaped budding yeast
4) on vegetation
5) “rose gardeners” disease - get stuck by a rose thorn while working in garden.

43
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

1) presenation in patient?
2) Tx:

A

1) causes a local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics - LITTLE SYSTEMIC ILLNESS
2) itraconazole or POTassium iodide

(Think: “plant a “ROSE” in the “POT”)

MICRO - FirstAid (2 decks)

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