Mycology Flashcards
How did the discovery of penicillin come about?
First antibiotic isolated from fungi - occured during WW1 due to high bumber of slodiers dying from infections.
By Fleming
Symptoms of infection that was experimentally treated by penicillin?
Rapidly progressing rash on face, eyes and scalp, high spiking fever
Symptoms of Mucromycosis
Eye pain - protuding eye
Black patches - lesions that progress to skin (diagnosable)
Coma due to abscesses in the brain
Death by cardiac arrest
Properties of mucormycosis
-Invasive, primitve, rapid progression
-requires exogenous iron
-frequent in diabetics and iron chelation therapy
-highly drug resistant
Overall bad sides of fungi
Causes infection, intoxication and allergy
Overall good side of fungi
Use in the pharmaceutical industry, food industry, biodegradation….
Species numbers / discovery rate
Highly unknow, widespread
thought to be 1.5-12 million species
150,000 identified
discovery rate of 1000-2000 a year
Prokaryotes or eukaryotes? Why
Eukaryotic:
-contain nucleus
-protein secretory pathways
-mitochondrion (like animals)
-vaculoes (like plants - no chloroplasts)
-cytoplasmic membraine contrains ergosterol (animals have cholesterol, plants have sterol mix)
Describe the cell wall of fungi (+role)
Chitin based, its the exoskeleton of the fungi - different for every fungi, but all chiting based (mostly polysaccharides
Structure, protection, exchange with environment
Properties of the way fungi get their nutrients
-Heterotrophs - must absorb nutrients, can’t make them themselves
-no vasculature system - can’t spread their nutrients across their body, so ingest, puke reingest (external digestion)
Sub classes of fungi heterotrophy
-Sapotrophs: feed on dead organic matter
-Parasite: need a hsot
-Symbiont: partners with an organism
-Predators: trap and kill other organisms
Two types of fungi
Yeasts (gorwth as independent cells) & molds (multinucleated tubes)
Properties of yeast? (cell type, reproduction, transition)
Unicellular organism with one nucleus
Reproduction by budding or fission
Environmental signals can trigger transition to hyphae or pseudohyphae
Properties of mold? (cell type and structure)
Multicellular, filamentous tubular structure containing multiple nuclei
Hyphae - can contain septa (further branching - septated hyphae) or not (aseptated hyphae) assembled into mycelium
Hyphae definition
each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.
Mycelium definition
the mass of branched, tubular filaments (hyphae) of fungi.
Fungal sexuality?
Fluid - can be sexual or asexual or parasexual (basically a combo of mitosis and meiosis)
Advantages of asexual reproduction + name of form
No need for a partner, maintains valuable genetic combinations
Reproduction by mitosis
Anamorph
Sexual reproduction (name of form + subclasses)
By meiosis
Telemorph - can be heterophallic or homophallic
Taxonomy key?
phylum -mycota
subphylum -mycotina
class -mycetes
3 main groups of fungi
Zoosporic fungi
Zygomycetous fungi
Dikarya subkingdom
General info: zoosporic
-primitive aquatic fungi
-not predators
-anchroed via rhizoid strcutre
-spread via zoospores (asexual)
General info: zygomycetous
-adapted to life on land
-sapotrophs
-aseptated filamentous fungi
-spead via zygospores &/or sporangiospores
General info: dykaria (2 types
-Ascomycota : spread via ascospores and conidia
-Basidiomycota: spread via basidospores
Both -s eptated filamentous fungi or yeast