Mycology Flashcards by Okonkwo Paula

Fungi exist in what forms

Yeast
Mold
Yeast like
Dimorphic

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Dimorphic yeast exist as ——- and ———- at what temp respectively

Yeast —35degree
Mood ——25degree

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Fungis that exist as yeast are

Cryptococcus
Saccharomyces

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The fungi that exist as a pseudo hyphae is

Candida spp

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Mold existing fungus include

Dermatophytes
Aspergillius
Mucor
Penicilliosis
Rhizopus

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Dimorphic fungi include

Blastomycoses
Paracoccidioces
Coccidiosis
Histoplasma
Sporothrix schenckii
Penicilliolis

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Which fungus is also called rose Gardner disease

Sporotrichosis caused by sporothrix schenckii

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Superficial mycoses include

Tiny turtles paint daily

Tinea vesicolor
Tinea Nivea
Piedra
Dermatophytes

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Subcutaneous mycoses include

Monkey climbs really swiftly

Mycetoma
Chromoblastomycoses
Rhinospordiosis
Sporotricosis

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Systemic mycoses include

Happy birds chirp peacefully

Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Coccidiomycosis
Paracoccidiomycoses

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Opportunistic mycoses includes

Candida spp
Cryptococcus
Zygomycoses
Aspergillius
Penicilliosis
Pneumocytosis

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Tinea vesicolor also called ——— presents clinically as ———-

Pityraisis vesicolor

1) flat hypo to hyperpigmentation on the sebaceous

2) seboharric dermatisis(dandruff)

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Example of endogenous oppourtunistic mycoses is

Candida spp

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Example of oppourtunistic mycoses

Curious cat zips around playground park

Candida
Cryptococcus neoformans
Aspergillius fumigatus
Zygomycosis (mucor and rhizopus)
Penicillium Marneffi
Pneumocystis carinii

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Vaginal candidiasis is commonest Candida presenting as ————-

White creamy acidic vaginal discharge with itching

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Vaginal candidioisis can be present in all except

Diabetic mellistus
Pregnant women
Contraceptive

None of the above
All are correct

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Oral trush is caused by ——— fungus

Candidiasis albicans

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Oral trush easily infects pple of

Bottle fed infants
Aged debilitated individuals

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C.albicans is distinguished from other species by

Germ tube formation when incubated with human serum at 30•

Major ability to form chlamydospore on corn meal agar at 20•

Sugar fermentation test

Assimilation test

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Topical treatment for c albicans infection

Nystatin

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Systematic treatment for c albicans is

Fluconazole
Amphotericin B
5- floroctocine
Clotimazole

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Aspergillius exist in what fungi form ??

Mold form

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The mold fungus that are found on wet bread and dead decaying matter is ————

Aspergillius

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What are these drugs and their function

Capsifugin
Fluconazole
Terbitafine
Nystatin
Amphotericin B
Flucystosine

Capsifugin : inhibits fungi cells wall formation by inhibiting B(1,3) glucan synthase

Fluconazole: attacks cell membrane by inhibiting the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol

Terbitafine: inhibits squalene epixodase needed in ergosterol synthesis

Nystatin: attacks ergosterol memebrane creating pores which causing leakage of the membrane

Amphotericin B: same as nystatin

Flucystosine: inhibits dna synthesis of fungi

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The 4 lab diagnosis we do for fungal infection is (And explains each)

Direct microscopy: to see the morphology…… The tissue specimen is brought and KOH is poured to dissolve away the tissue and leave the fungi because fungi are alkaline resistant… check the microscope to see the hyphae, yeast etc Culture: grow in sabuoraud agar for the colonies of fungi…. The sabourauds agar kills any bacteria in the tissue specimen leaving alone the fungi due to its acidic environment Serologic test : to check the presence of anti bodies Polymorphic chain reaction test (pcr test): check for dna of the fungi eg HISDNA - histoplasma capsulatum dna

The cell wall of fungi is made up of ——-

Chitin a B glucan ( polymer of D glucan )

Identify the location of this infection Tinea pedis Tinea coporis Tinea capitis Tinea unguinium Tinea manuum Tinea Cruris

Infection of web spaces of foot( althelete foot) Infection of the body/skin Infection of scalp Infection of the nail Infection of the palm Infection of the groin( jock itch)

The causative agent for tinea nigra is ————-

Cladosporium werneckii

The causative agent to Tinea vesicolor is ———

Malessesia furfur

The causative agent that causes sporotthricosis is ———-

Sporothrix schenckii

Sporotrichosis is usually called ———-

Rose gardeners infection

Sporothrix schenckii is a ———- mycoses that is transmitted by ———

Subcutaneous mycoses Transmitted by rose thorn prick

The clinical manifestation of sporothricosis???

Sporotrichosis manifests as painless lesions along the lymphatic nodules of the skin it infected

The drug used to cure Sporotrichosis is

Itraconazole

A subcutaneous mycoses that presents as warty like lesions on the skin is ————-

Chromoblastomycoses

Mycetoma is caused by???

Eumycetoma —- caused by madurella mycetomatis/ petrilidium madurella Actinomycetes- Mycetoma caused by a bacteria — norcardia Botryomycosis- Mycetoma like lesion caused by staphylococcus aureus

Mycetoma presents clinically as

Swollen leg with painless several lesions on the foot with granulated pus

The fungus that presents with spherules microscopically is ——

Coccidiodes immitis

The transmission pathway of coccidiodes immitis

1)C.immitis is a Dimorphic bacteria 2) exist as mold in the environment 3) it’s hyphea produces asexually releasing athrospores 4) athrospores are inhaled and grow into spherules 5) the spherules mature containing endospores 6) the endopores also grows too to become spherules and they spread from lungs into the system by blood

The spherules of C.immitis grow in all system particularly the

Bone and cns - meningitis

C.immitis is also called

Valley fever Desert rheumatism

Histoplasmosis is caused by what fungus ———

Histoplasma capsulatum

The sexual spores produed by Histoplasma capsulatum is

Macroconidia—- seen microscopically Microconidia —- very small and the infective part of H. Capsulatum

A fungus yeast cells that is seen microscopically inside a macrophage is ——-

Histoplasma capsulatum

Histoplasma capsulatum is seen microscopically as

Yeast inside a macrophage

Blastomycosis is a ——- mycoses that is caused by ———-

Systemic mycoses Caused by blastomyces dermatidis

A fungus that present microscopically with broad base bud is

Blastomyces dermatitides

A fungus that present microscopically with narrow base bud is

Cryptococcus neoformans

A fungus that present microscopically as a ship captains wheel (yeast with multiple bud) is

Paracoccidioses brasilensis

P.brasilensis presents microscopically as

A yeast with multiple buds ( a ship captains wheel)

Candida albicans is a ——-mycoses that is found where??

Oppourtunistic mycoses Found as the Normal Flora of mouth ,eosophagus, vagina, skin

Candida albicans causes what Pathologic illness

Thrush , vaginitis, eosphagitis, diaper rash

Vaginitis itching and discharge is worsened by

Low pH Diabetics mellistus Taking antibiotics: because the antibiotics kills a normal flora bacteria - lactobacillius which keeps the ph of our vagina high( alkaline)

The fungus that form “germ tubes” at 37• in serum is

Candida albicans

A characteristic feature of Candida albicans is its formation of

Chlamydospore and germ tubes

Chlamydospore is a characteristic of what fungi

Candida albicans

The confirmatory test for only C.albicans is

1) calcoflour white stain used instead of germ stain ….it is positive in the yeast of pseudohypheae 2) presence of chlamydospore 3) presence of germ tubes at 37• in serum

Cryptococcus neoformans causes

Meningitis

In the lab diagnosis of Cryptococcus neoformans; Serology test shows ———- Microscopically; Stains used is

Serology test shows capsular antigen after a latex agglutination test ( cryptococcal antigen test) Microscopically: spinal fluid + India ink Stains used is : methanamine silver stain, periodic acid schiff (PAS) stain , mucicarmine stain

The fungus that causes fungus ball in the lungs is

Aspergillius fumigatus

Aspergillius presents microscopically with

Septate hyphae with V-shaped branch

Aspergillius is different from mucor fungi in the sense that

Aspergillius- septae hyphea with V-shaped branch Mucor - unseptated hyphea with right angled branch

Mucor fungi causes

Mucormycosis

Mucor fungus mode of transmission

The mold gets into the blood vessel esp the sinus, lungs and gut The mold begins growing hyphae inside blood vessel which leads to infarction then necrosis