Mycology

Question 1

what are the two categories of fungal agents?

Answer 1

fungal pathogens and opportunistic fungi

Question 2

What factors increase the risk of opportunistic mycoses?

Answer 2

invasive medical procedures and medical therapies

Question 3

what is the most common type of mycosis?

Answer 3

fungal infections

Question 4

what are the three categories of clinical manifestation of fungal diseases?

Answer 4

fungal infections
toxicoses
allergies

Question 5

what causes toxicoses?

Answer 5

acquired through ingestion
(when poisonous mushrooms are eaten)

Question 6

What is used to culture and grow fungi?

Answer 6

sabouraud dextrose agar

Question 7

Why do fungi often resist T cell-mediated immune responses?

Answer 7

fungi are biochemically similar to human cells and can harm human cells

Question 8

what is the gold standard of antifungals?

Answer 8

amphotericin B

Question 9

what is the two-step treatment for opportunistic infection?

Answer 9

high dose: treatment to reduce pathogens
low dose: maintenance therapy

Question 10

How is Nystatin used in anti fungal therapies?

Answer 10

topically

Question 11

What do -azole drugs target in fungal cells?

Answer 11

target ergosterol (biosynthetic enzyme)

Question 12

What are some fungi against which scientists have developed vaccines?

Answer 12

Candida
coccidiosis
blastomycosis

Question 13

What four pathogenic fungi cause systemic infections?

Answer 13

Blastomyces
Coccidioides
Histoplasma
Paracoccidioides

Question 14

What is the division of these fungi Blastomyces
Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Paracoccidioides?

Answer 14

ascomycota

Question 15

How are ascomycota infections aquired?

Answer 15

inhalation of spores
starts as pulmonary infection > to blood

Question 16

What is unquie about ascomycota fungi?

Answer 16

dimorphic
have different manifestation in environment and in host

Question 17

what is the most fungal infection affecting humans?

Answer 17

Histoplasmosis

Question 18

Where is Histoplasmosis found?

Answer 18

in soils containing high nitrogen levels

Question 19

what are the clinical manifestations of Histoplasmosis?

Answer 19

chronic pulmonary
ocular
chronic cutaneous
systemic

Question 20

What is the causative agent of Histoplasmosis?

Answer 20

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 21

What is the causative agent of Blastomycosis?

Answer 21

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 22

Where is Blastomycosis found?

Answer 22

in soils rich in organic matter

Question 23

what is the most common manifestation of Blastomycosis?

Answer 23

pulmonary Blastomycosis

Question 24

What pathogenic fungi is also known as “valley fever”?

Answer 24

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 25

What is the causative agent of Coccidioidomycosis?

Answer 25

Coccidioides immitis

Question 26

Where is Coccidioidomycosis found?

Answer 26

desert soil rodent burrows

Question 27

what conditions does Coccidioidomycosis result in?

Answer 27

pulmonary

Question 28

What is the causative agent of Paracoccidioidomycosis?

Answer 28

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Question 29

What pathogenic fungal disease is most common in farm workers?

Answer 29

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Question 30

how does Paracoccidioidomycosis manifest in the body?

Answer 30

as a pulmonary condition causes chronic inflammatory disease of mucous membranes

Question 31

what is the morpholgy of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis?

Answer 31

steering wheel

Question 32

Opportunistic infections typically affect whom?

Answer 32

those with poor immunity AIDS pt

Question 33

What are the 5 opportunistic fungi?

Answer 33

Pneumocystis Candida Aspergillus Cryptococcus Mucor

Question 34

what is the causative agent of Pneumocystis?

Answer 34

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 35

This opportunistic fungi is an opportunistic fungal infection of AIDS patients?

Answer 35

Pneumocystis

Question 36

What is the causative agent of Candidiasis?

Answer 36

Candida albicans

Question 37

these opportunistic fungi are common members of the microbiota of skin and mucous membranes

Answer 37

Candidiasis

Question 38

What are some clinical manifestations of Candidiasis?

Answer 38

thrush vaginal yeast infection nail infestions

Question 39

What is the causative agent of Aspergillosis

Answer 39

Aspergillosis

Question 40

This opportunistic fungi is caused by the the inhalation of fungal spores?

Answer 40

Aspergillosis

Question 41

This opportunistic fungi only causes allergies.

Answer 41

Aspergillosis

Question 42

where does Aspergillosis manifest?

Answer 42

lungs eye ears sinuses

Question 43

what is the causative agent of Cryptococcosis?

Answer 43

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 44

This opportunistic infection results from inhalation of spores or dried yeast in bird dropping

Answer 44

Cryptococcosis

Question 45

what are the clinical manifestations of Cryptococcosis?

Answer 45

pulmonary pneumonia meningitis

Question 46

This type of mycoses is the most common type of fungal infections

Answer 46

superficial mycoses

Question 47

Black and white piedra are what kind of mycoses?

Answer 47

superfical

Question 48

This superficial infection is characterized by nodules on the shaft and transmitted through bushes or combs

Answer 48

Black and white piedra

Question 49

Dermatophytoses are what kind of mycoses?

Answer 49

superfical

Question 50

This superficial mycoses is a fungal infection of the skin or nails and was called ringworms.

Answer 50

Dermatophytosis

Question 51

Malassezia infections are what type of mycoses?

Answer 51

superfical

Question 52

This superficial mycoses causes pityriasis on the skin

Answer 52

Malassezia

Question 53

what type of mycoses is Sporotrichosis?

Answer 53

Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mycoses

Question 54

what is the causative agent of Sporotrichosis

Answer 54

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 55

This subcutaneous infection is limited to arms and legs?

Answer 55

Sporotrichosis

Question 56

This toxin is produced by fungi during metabolic activities and consumed in grains and vegetables

Answer 56

mycotoxins

Question 57

This toxin is the most well-known mycotoxins and is fatal to many vertebrates and used to make drugs.

Answer 57

aflatoxins

Question 58

This fungal intoxication is caused by mushroom poisoning

Answer 58

Mycetismus

Question 59

What is the deadliest mushroom toxin called?

Answer 59

death cap

Question 60

Fungal allergens cause what time of reaction?

Answer 60

type I hypersensitivity (asthma, hay fever eczema)