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Microbiology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the two categories of fungal agents?

A

fungal pathogens and opportunistic fungi

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2
Q

What factors increase the risk of opportunistic mycoses?

A

invasive medical procedures and medical therapies

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3
Q

what is the most common type of mycosis?

A

fungal infections

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4
Q

what are the three categories of clinical manifestation of fungal diseases?

A

fungal infections
toxicoses
allergies

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5
Q

what causes toxicoses?

A

acquired through ingestion
(when poisonous mushrooms are eaten)

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6
Q

What is used to culture and grow fungi?

A

sabouraud dextrose agar

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7
Q

Why do fungi often resist T cell-mediated immune responses?

A

fungi are biochemically similar to human cells and can harm human cells

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8
Q

what is the gold standard of antifungals?

A

amphotericin B

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9
Q

what is the two-step treatment for opportunistic infection?

A

high dose: treatment to reduce pathogens
low dose: maintenance therapy

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10
Q

How is Nystatin used in anti fungal therapies?

A

topically

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11
Q

What do -azole drugs target in fungal cells?

A

target ergosterol (biosynthetic enzyme)

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12
Q

What are some fungi against which scientists have developed vaccines?

A

Candida
coccidiosis
blastomycosis

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13
Q

What four pathogenic fungi cause systemic infections?

A

Blastomyces
Coccidioides
Histoplasma
Paracoccidioides

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14
Q

What is the division of these fungi Blastomyces
Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Paracoccidioides?

A

ascomycota

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15
Q

How are ascomycota infections aquired?

A

inhalation of spores
starts as pulmonary infection > to blood

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16
Q

What is unquie about ascomycota fungi?

A

dimorphic
have different manifestation in environment and in host

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17
Q

what is the most fungal infection affecting humans?

A

Histoplasmosis

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18
Q

Where is Histoplasmosis found?

A

in soils containing high nitrogen levels

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19
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of Histoplasmosis?

A

chronic pulmonary
ocular
chronic cutaneous
systemic

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20
Q

What is the causative agent of Histoplasmosis?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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21
Q

What is the causative agent of Blastomycosis?

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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22
Q

Where is Blastomycosis found?

A

in soils rich in organic matter

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23
Q

what is the most common manifestation of Blastomycosis?

A

pulmonary Blastomycosis

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24
Q

What pathogenic fungi is also known as “valley fever”?

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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25
Q

What is the causative agent of Coccidioidomycosis?

A

Coccidioides immitis

26
Q

Where is Coccidioidomycosis found?

A

desert soil
rodent burrows

27
Q

what conditions does Coccidioidomycosis result in?

A

pulmonary

28
Q

What is the causative agent of Paracoccidioidomycosis?

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

29
Q

What pathogenic fungal disease is most common in farm workers?

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

30
Q

how does Paracoccidioidomycosis manifest in the body?

A

as a pulmonary condition
causes chronic inflammatory disease of mucous membranes

31
Q

what is the morpholgy of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis?

A

steering wheel

32
Q

Opportunistic infections typically affect whom?

A

those with poor immunity
AIDS pt

33
Q

What are the 5 opportunistic fungi?

A

Pneumocystis
Candida
Aspergillus
Cryptococcus
Mucor

34
Q

what is the causative agent of Pneumocystis?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

35
Q

This opportunistic fungi is an opportunistic fungal infection of AIDS patients?

A

Pneumocystis

36
Q

What is the causative agent of Candidiasis?

A

Candida albicans

37
Q

these opportunistic fungi are common members of the microbiota of skin and mucous membranes

A

Candidiasis

38
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of Candidiasis?

A

thrush
vaginal yeast infection
nail infestions

39
Q

What is the causative agent of Aspergillosis

A

Aspergillosis

40
Q

This opportunistic fungi is caused by the the inhalation of fungal spores?

A

Aspergillosis

41
Q

This opportunistic fungi only causes allergies.

A

Aspergillosis

42
Q

where does Aspergillosis manifest?

A

lungs
eye
ears
sinuses

43
Q

what is the causative agent of Cryptococcosis?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

44
Q

This opportunistic infection results from inhalation of spores or dried yeast in bird dropping

A

Cryptococcosis

45
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of Cryptococcosis?

A

pulmonary
pneumonia
meningitis

46
Q

This type of mycoses is the most common type of fungal infections

A

superficial mycoses

47
Q

Black and white piedra are what kind of mycoses?

A

superfical

48
Q

This superficial infection is characterized by nodules on the shaft and transmitted through bushes or combs

A

Black and white piedra

49
Q

Dermatophytoses are what kind of mycoses?

A

superfical

50
Q

This superficial mycoses is a fungal infection of the skin or nails and was called ringworms.

A

Dermatophytosis

51
Q

Malassezia infections are what type of mycoses?

A

superfical

52
Q

This superficial mycoses causes pityriasis on the skin

A

Malassezia

53
Q

what type of mycoses is Sporotrichosis?

A

Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mycoses

54
Q

what is the causative agent of Sporotrichosis

A

Sporothrix schenckii

55
Q

This subcutaneous infection is limited to arms and legs?

A

Sporotrichosis

56
Q

This toxin is produced by fungi during metabolic activities and consumed in grains and vegetables

A

mycotoxins

57
Q

This toxin is the most well-known mycotoxins and is fatal to many vertebrates and used to make drugs.

A

aflatoxins

58
Q

This fungal intoxication is caused by mushroom poisoning

A

Mycetismus

59
Q

What is the deadliest mushroom toxin called?

A

death cap

60
Q

Fungal allergens cause what time of reaction?

A

type I hypersensitivity
(asthma, hay fever eczema)

Microbiology (7 decks)

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