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Mycology & Virology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Also known as An-An

It is the discoloration, depigmentation and scaling of the skin and apparent in person with dark complex

A

Pityriasis versicolor / Tineaversicolor

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2
Q

Pityriasis versicolor / Tineaversicolor causative agent

A

Malassezia furfur

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3
Q

Presence of “ Bowling Pin “ Appearance with collarette in culture media.

A

Pityriasis versicolor / Tineaversicolor

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4
Q

It is a dark brown to black painless patches on the soles of the feet and palms of the hand
Sometimes confused to malignant melanoma

A

Tinea nigra

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5
Q

Tinea nigra causative agent

A

Exophiala werneckii or Phaeoannellomyces werneckii

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6
Q

Culture: Shiny, moist yeastlike colonies that start with brownish discoloration and eventually turns to olive to greenish black.

A

. Tinea nigra

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7
Q

Affects beard and mustache hair shaft

A

White Piedra

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8
Q

White Piedra causative agent

A
  • Trichosporon beigelii
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9
Q

Culture: colonies are white or yellowish to deep cream colored, smooth, wrinkled, velvety and dull in appearance with a mycelial fringe

A

White Piedra

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10
Q

Affects only the cornified layers of epidermis (stratum corneum)

A

Superficial Mycoses

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11
Q

Affect the hair’s hair shaf

A

Black Piedra

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12
Q

Black Piedra causative agent

A
  • Piedra hortae
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13
Q

Microscopic: thick walled rhomboid cells containing ascospores

A

Black Piedra

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14
Q

Affect the keratinized tissue of the skin, hair and nails

Also known as Ringworm

A

Cutaneous Mycoses/ Dermatophytes

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15
Q

Also known as “BUNI”

Pruritic

A

Tinea corporis

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16
Q

Also known as “HADHAD”

Red patched on the groin and scrotum

A

Tinea cruris

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17
Q

Also known as ALIPUNGA or Athlete’s Foot

Cracking and peeling of skin that begins in the between of the toes

A

Tinea pedis

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18
Q

Hand and Finger

A

Tinea manum

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19
Q

Causative Agents of

Infection of Skin

A
  1. Trichophyton rubrum
  2. Epidermophyton floccosum
  3. Trichophyton mentagrophytes
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20
Q

Also known as Onchomycosis

A

Tinea unguium

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21
Q

Tinea unguium caused by

A

Caused by T. mentagrophytes, T.rubrum and E. floccosum

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22
Q

Infection of the Hair

A
  1. Tinea barbae
  2. Tinea capitis
  3. Microsporum canis
  4. Trichophyton verrucosum
  5. Trichophyton tonsurans
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23
Q

Involves subcutaneous muscle and tissues

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

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24
Q

Rose Gardener’s Disease/ Rose handler’s disease

A

Sporotrichosis

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25
Q

Sporotrichosis causative agent

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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26
Q

Caused by variety of copper colored soil saprophytes which are non-healing tumor like lesions resembling cauliflower

A

Chromoblastomycosis

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27
Q

Also known as “Copper pennies”

A

Chromoblastomycosis

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28
Q

Causative Agents of Chromoblastomycosis

A
  1. Phialophora verrucosa
  2. Cladosporium carrionii
  3. Fonsecaea pedroso
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29
Q

Maduromycosis Causative Agent

A

Pseudoallesheria boydii

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30
Q

rare infection by dermaticeous saprobes invading organs like skin, lungs and brain of immunosuppressed host

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

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31
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis causative agent

A

Exophiala jeanselmei

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32
Q

Caused by Dimorphic Fungi
Acquired through inhalation
Localized lung infection and bloodstream infection

A

Systemic Mycoses/ Deep Mycoses

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33
Q

Blastomycosis also known as

A

Gilchrist Disease / North American Blastomycosis/ Chicago disease

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34
Q

higher incidence to middle aged man due to recreational exposure to soil

A

Blastomycosis / Gilchrist Disease / North American Blastomycosis/ Chicago disease

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35
Q

Filipinos and Blacks run the highest risk of dissemination
High incidence in male than female (9:1) except for pregnant women
causes San Joaquin Valley fever

A

Coccidiodes immitis

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36
Q

Darling’s disease/ Central Mississippi Valley Fever and Ohio Valley Fever

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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37
Q

South American Blastomycosis/ Brazillian blastomycosis

A

Paracoccidiodes braziliensis

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38
Q

Most common cause of systemic infection in immunocompromised host in endemic region of southeast Asia Green or Blue Green Colonies Branching or Penicillus head

A

Penicillium marneffei

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39
Q

Develops among immunocompromised host

A

Opportunistic Mycoses

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40
Q

Disease is known as Torulosis European Blastomycosis
Meningitis and Pulmonary Disease
Capsule is demonstrated by india ink

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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41
Q

Most common cause of fungal diseases worldwide
Can cause disease to any site
Thrush – oral infection on immunosuppressed host
Normal biota of the skin

A

Candida albicans

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42
Q

Seen in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Mucor

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43
Q

Pulmonary disease

Eschar biopsy for specimen

A

Aspergillus

44
Q

Aspergillus

= presence of black pepper effect on culture media

A

niger

45
Q

Aspergillus

most common cause of pulmonary aspergillosis

A

fumigatus

46
Q

Aspergillus

yellow colony

A

flavus

47
Q

Aspergillus

= brown colony

A

terreus

48
Q

Contaminant but considered as an opportunistic pathogen

Pink to Coral colored colonies

A

Rhodotorulla

49
Q

Usually a contaminant but are sometimes seen as cause of mycotic eye, nail or skin infection in debilitated patient
Presence of multiseptate macroconidia appearing as sickles or canoe

A

Fusarium

50
Q

Classified as : Fungi ; Formerly ; Parasite
Gomori methenamine silver is stain of choice for cyst but not trophozoite
It shows cup shaped cyst and cannot be cultured
Associated with pneumonia that is resistant to antibiotic

A

Pneumocystis carinii

51
Q

A yeast characterized by a thick polysaccharide capsule
• Found in nature especially in pigeon droppings
• Causes Cryptococcosis
• Key to diagnosis is doing a lumbar puncture & analyzing CSF ( india ink stain) ; cryptococcal antigen test ; culture will confirm diagnosis

A

CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

52
Q

The only yeast that produces germ tube when incubated with sterile serum for 1-3 hours at 35-37degC

A

CANDIDA ALBICANS

53
Q

a normal flora of the GIT and mucocutaneous areas
• In direct microscopic examination , it appears as budding yeast with blastoconidia or pseudohyphae with no signs of constriction
• Gram Positive
• Grows readily on BAP and SDA ; colonies on EMB are with spiderlike projections

A

CANDIDA ALBICANS

54
Q

Causes Oral thrush, vaginitis and diaper rash in normal hosts
• In immunocompromised patients it can cause esophagitis and disseminated infection
• Diagnosis is made with KOH preparation of skin scrapings or with stains and cultures of biopsied tissue or blood

A

CANDIDA ALBICANS

55
Q

• found on decaying vegetation and in the soil
•Common laboratory contaminants
•Causes zygomycosis – acquired through inhalation of spores
•Should be suspected if branching, ribbon like, non-septate
hyphae are observed on direct microscopic

A

ZYGOMYCETES

56
Q

•Grows as fluffy white to gray molds with brown hyphae that can
cover agar surface in 1-4 days. Coarse hyphae with brown or
black spores are observed microscopically
•Includes the genera Rhizopus, Mucor and Absidia

A

ZYGOMYCETES

57
Q

A common laboratory contaminant, found in soil and on decaying
vegetation and may colonize grains, leaves or plants
• Causes aspergillosis, acquired through inhalation of the conidia in dust or through direct, cutaneous inoculation

A

ASPERGILLUS

58
Q

dimorphic fungi; H –flowerette Y-budding cigar shaped
- an occupational hazard for gardeners
- begins with a subcutaneous nodule which later on
becomes necrotic and ulcerates. The ulcer heals ,but new nodules pop up nearby and along the lymphatic tracts up the arm
- caused by Sporothrix schenckii

A

SPOROTRICHOSIS

59
Q

flask shaped phiallides w/collarette; blastoconidia
a subcutaneous infection caused by a variety of copper colored
soil saprophytes-sclerotic bodies

A

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

60
Q

Initially a small, violet wart like lesion develops. Over months to years additional violet colored wartlike lesions arise nearby. Clusters of these lesions resemble “cauliflower”.
- Skin scrapings with KOH reveals coppered colored
sclerotic bodies

A

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

61
Q

chronic granulomatous infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue and bone characterized by tumor like deformities of the subcutaneous tissue with abscesses, draining sinuses and granulomatous pus - Pseudoallescheria boydii

A

MYCETOMA

62
Q
  • Exophiala jeansemi
A

PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS-

63
Q

• Acquired by inhalation of spores
• Never transmitted from person to person
• Once spores are inhaled. Localized lung infection
develops followed by bloodstream dissemination

A

PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS

64
Q
  • Bronchoscopic biopsy of lung lesions, skin biopsy
  • Tissue can be examined with silver stain for yeast
  • Tissue can be grown on SDA
  • Serologic tests ( Complement fixation, Latex agglutination
A

PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS

65
Q

Penicilliosis causative agent

A

Penicillium marneffei

66
Q

The appearance is said to be like “spaghetti and meatballs“ hyphae filaments.

A

Malassezia furfur

67
Q

difficult to grow in the laboratory so scrapings may be reported
as “culture negative”. The yeast grows best if a lipid such as olive oil is added to Littman agar culture medium.

A

Malassezia furfur

68
Q

is a dematiaceous fungus that produces yeast-like cells that may be one- or twocelled. microscopically appears as dark, 1-2 celled blastoconidia
• Conidia produced by this organism are produced by annellophores, which bear successive rings (annellides)

A

Hortaea werneckii

69
Q

Are difficult to see microscopically. The biophysical profile is used to differentiate this fungus from other Exophiala species.
Usually does not sporulate on routine mycologic media but
demonstrates only highly septate dematiaceous hyphae and swollen intercalary cells. Macroscopically they are slow growing, small, folded, velvety and dark brown to black in color. They may remain glabrous or covered with short aerial hyphae.

A

Piedra hortae

70
Q

infect only the skin, hair, or nails, secrete extracellular enzymes that likely aid in the colonization of keratinous tissues. These extracellular enzymes associated with virulence include keratinase, elastase, and lipase.

A

DERMATOPHYTES

71
Q

Site affected in Tinea capitis, Tinea favosa

A

Head

72
Q

Site affected in Tinea barbae

A

Beard

73
Q

Site affected in Tinea corporis, Tinea imbricate

A

Body

74
Q

Site affected in Tinea manuum

A

Hand

75
Q

Site affected in Tinea unguium

A

Nails

76
Q

Site affected in Tinea cruris

A

Groin

77
Q

Site affected in Tinea pedis

A

Feet

78
Q

Site affected in Tinea pedis

A

Feet

79
Q

Tinea corporis caused by

A

Trichophyton rubrum

80
Q

following invasion of the horny layer of the skin, the fungi spread, forming a ring shape with a red, raised border. The expanding raised red border represents areas of active inflammation with a healing center

A

Tinea corporis

81
Q

Tinea cruris caused by

A

Epidermophyton floccosum

82
Q

patient develops itchy red patches on the groin and scrotum

A

Tinea cruris

83
Q

Tinea pedis caused by

A

T. mentagrophytes
T. rubrum
E. floccosum

84
Q

commonly begins between the toes, causes cracking & peeling of the skin

A

Tinea pedis

85
Q

Tinea capitis caused by

A

Microsporum canis

86
Q

characterized by scaly red lesions with loss of hair

A

Tinea capitis

87
Q 
Childhood disease (easily spread) colonizes outer portion of hair shafts
(ECTOTRIX hair involvement)
Lesions are seldom inflamed but luster & color may be lost
A

GRAY PATCH RINGWORM

88
Q

GRAY PATCH RINGWORM caused by

A

Microsporum audouinii

Microsporum ferrugineum

89
Q

ENDOTRIX hair involvement (hair follicle is the initial site  hair sharft  weakened, brittle hair  black dot stubs)

A

BLACK DOT RINGWORM

90
Q

BLACK DOT RINGWORM caused by

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

Trychophyton violaceum

91
Q

Infection of the hair follicle progressing to a crusty lesion made up of dead epithelial cells & fungal mycelia SCUTULA (crusty, cup-shaped flakes) are formed
Consequences: Hair loss and scar tissue

A

TINEA FAVOSA/ FAVUS

92
Q

TINEA FAVOSA/ FAVUS caused by

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

93
Q

slow-growing organism that produces a flat or heaped-up colony that is generally white-reddish with a cottony or velvety surface.

A

Trichophyton rubrum

94
Q

produces 2 distinct colonial forms: (a) downy variety recovered form patients with tinea pedis and (b) the granular variety recovered from lesions acquired by contact with animals

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

95
Q

Rapidly growing colonies may appear as white, cottony, or downy colonies to creamcolored or yellow colonies that are coarsely granular to powdery

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

96
Q

infection typically begins at the edge of the nail. nails are thickened, discolored and brittle

A

Tinea unguium

97
Q

Tinea unguium caused by

A

T. mentagrophytes

98
Q

Those under SYSTEMIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS

A

Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immits

99
Q

In MYCELIAL PHASE, this septate hyphae has round or pyriform conidia borne singly on conidiophores or directly on hyphae, resembling lollipops

A

B. dermatitidis

100
Q

In yeast phase it has thick walled, large yeast cells with single bud on a broad base

A

B. dermatitidis

101
Q

In mycelial phase, it is coarse, septate, branched hyphae that produce thick walled barrel shaped , rectangular arthroconidia that alternate with empty disjuncture cells

A

C. immitis

102
Q

In yeast phase, it has large, round, thick walled spherules with endospores observed in tissue and direct examination

A

C. immitis

103
Q

In MYCELIAL PHASE Septate hyphae with round piriform microconidia on short branches or directly on hyphal stalk; later large round, thick walled knobby tuberculate macroconidia forms

A

H. capsulatum

104
Q

In yeast phase, Small budding, round to oval yeast cells; intra cellular to mononuclear cells, possible with Giemsa or Wright’s stain

A

H. capsulatum

105
Q

Yeast- with multiple buds resembling a mariner’s wheel

Mycelia-with terminal chlamydoconidia

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

106
Q

Causes penicilliosis
• On direct examination, appears as oval yeast cells ( resembling
Histoplasma ) within histiocytes
• Grows as a Penicillium mold at 25 degC as bluish green, powdery,
velvety colonies
• Mycelial phase is observed as septate hyphae with brushlike
conidiophores

A

Penicillium marneffei

Mycology & Virology (2 decks)

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