Mycology Flashcards
what is mycology
The study of fungi
why do fungi differ from plants
Fungi differ from plants because they have no chlorophyll and so do not perform photosynthesis
why do fungi differ from animals
Fungi differ from animals by having a cell wall
what is mycoses
the term for diseases caused by fungi
what is largest living organism on earth
a fungi called armillaria
general properties of fungi
Eucaryote
• Unicellular/multicellular
• Vary in size - Micro (yeast) to macro (mushrooms)
• Reproduction -yeast by budding (blastospores)
• Moulds - asexual or/and sexual spores
• Habitats - widely distributed in nature
• Growth on synthetic media
• Tolerate high salt, high sugar, low pH
• Control - Temp. 60°C for 5-30 minutes, bleach or phenolic compounds
• Over 100,00 species, only ~ 200 cause disease
what are the nutritional groups of fungi
saprophyte
parasites
what is saprophyte
obtain nutrients from decaying organic material
what is parasite and 2 types
pathogens of plants & animals
• Obligate parasites
• Facultative parasites
4 morphological classifications of fungi
Moulds - mycelial growth made of branching tubular filaments called hyphae
True Yeasts - unicellular
Yeast-like Fungi (yeast or short filament)
Dimorphic Fungi - yeast or mycelial depending on environment
effects of fungi benefits
Food preparation - Cheese
• Antibiotic production • Enzymes production • Acid production
• Decomposition
• Pesticides degradation
effects of fungi harmful
- Food spoilage
- Unwanted growth on some surfaces
- Animal and plant diseases
- Mycotoxin production
- Lab. contaminants
fungi growth requirements
- Temperature 25 - 30oC
- Acidic pH (4 -6 )
- Moist
- Aerobic
yeast and moulds reproduction type
Yeast - budding Moulds - asexual/sexual
Asexual spore types
- Sporangiospores
- Chlamydospores
- Conidiospores (Conidia)
- Arthrospores
- Blastospores
Sporangiospores
asexual spore
Spores inside sac called sporangium
Chlamydospores
Spores within thickened cell wall of hyphae
asexual
Conidiospores (Conidia)
asexual
naked spores in chains at hyphal tip
flower head
Arthrospores
asexual
fragmentation of hyphae
Blastospores
asexual
Form as buds
4 stages of sexual spore formation
- Cells of + thallus and – thallus fuse (Dikaryotic stage)
- After several hours / years/ centuries nuclei fuse (diploid stage)
- Meiosis of nucleus restores haploid state
- Haploid nucleus partitioned into + and - spores
classification of sexual repo
- Zygomycota (Zygospores, Zygosporangia (2 bags and stuff in middle)
- Basidiomycota (Basidiospores) (foot like)
- Ascomycota (Ascospores) (pea like)
• Deuteromycetes (no sexual stage)
superficial fungal infection + e.g. of infection
mucosa surfaces - candida
skin - cutaneous/dermatomyosis
Dermatophycoses infection + caused by and worm type
skin fungal infection
• Causes by dermatophytes
– Only on skin, hair and nails
• Tinea (latin for worm, however no worms involved)
– Ringworm (no worm involved)
– Examples:
• Trichophyton rubrum. • Microsporum canis.
