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Mycobacterium Spp Flashcards

1
Q

Who introduced the genus Mycobacterium into scientific literature?

A

Lehmann and Neumann in 1896

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2
Q

What is the most distinctive feature of the genus Mycobacterium?

A

Lipid-rich cell envelope conferring acid-fastness

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3
Q

Name the pathogens in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.

A

M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, M. caprae

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4
Q

What does the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method detect?

A

Acid-fast bacilli, primarily Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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5
Q

What is the incubation period of leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae?

A

2-7 years, usually 3-5 years

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6
Q

Which type of staining technique is used for Mycobacterium species?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen staining

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7
Q

How do Mycobacteria appear under Ziehl-Neelsen stain?

A

Pink, slender, rod-shaped bacilli

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8
Q

What is the generation time of Mycobacterium leprae?

A

12-13 days

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9
Q

Which mycobacterial species is motile within macrophages?

A

Mycobacterium marinum

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10
Q

What temperature range is optimal for Mycobacterium species growth?

A

25-45°C depending on the species

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11
Q

What is the primary feature of the mycobacterial cell wall?

A

It contains a thick, mycolic acid-rich cell wall

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12
Q

What medium is specifically used to culture Mycobacterium species?

A

Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium

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13
Q

What is the causative agent of tuberculosis in humans?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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14
Q

Which component of the immune system is involved in controlling latent TB infection?

A

Granuloma formation

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15
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of Mycobacterium colonies in liquid cultures?

A

Twisted, rope-like structures called serpentine cords

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16
Q

What is the primary method used for rapid identification of Mycobacterium species?

A

Molecular methods such as PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing

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17
Q

Which stain technique does not require heating for staining Mycobacterium?

A

Kinyoun stain

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18
Q

Which group of mycobacteria are considered non-tuberculous?

A

M. avium, M. kansasii, M. abscessus

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19
Q

What is the primary site of infection for pulmonary tuberculosis?

A

The lungs

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20
Q

What disease does Mycobacterium leprae cause?

A

Leprosy

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21
Q

What is a key clinical sign of leprosy?

A

Skin lesion with anesthesia

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22
Q

Which method of TB transmission is most common?

A

Inhalation of respiratory droplets from an infected person

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23
Q

How long can it take for Mycobacterium tuberculosis to form visible colonies on culture media?

A

2-8 weeks

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24
Q

Which immune response is predominant in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?

A

Th1-dominant adaptive immune response

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25
What is the role of mycolic acids in Mycobacterium species?
They make the cell wall waxy, hydrophobic, and resistant to chemicals
26
Which mycobacterium is known for causing Pott's disease?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
27
What are some non-culture methods for identifying Mycobacteria?
GeneXpert, Lateral Flow Assay, Line Probe Assay
28
What is the causative agent of lepromatous leprosy?
Mycobacterium leprae
29
What is the Runyon classification based on?
Growth rate and pigment production of Mycobacterium species
30
What is the typical treatment regimen for tuberculosis?
Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
31
What characteristic distinguishes rapidly growing mycobacteria from others?
Visible colonies form in less than 7 days
32
What is the purpose of using malachite green in Lowenstein-Jensen medium?
To inhibit the growth of contaminants
33
What clinical form of TB affects the spine?
Pott's disease
34
Which organisms can also show acid-fastness besides Mycobacteria?
Rhodococcus spp., Nocardia spp., Legionella micdadei
35
What is a key feature of cavitation in tuberculosis?
Liquefied granulomas release bacteria into the bronchial tree
36
How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis appear on an acid-fast stain?
Pink slender rods
37
What factors contribute to Mycobacterium's resistance to many disinfectants?
Its complex, lipid-rich cell wall
38
What are the clinical manifestations of active pulmonary tuberculosis?
Cough >3 weeks, weight loss, fever, night sweats
39
What is the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method also known as?
The hot method of acid-fast staining
40
Which staining technique is used for the diagnosis of leprosy?
Ziehl-Neelsen staining
41
What environmental sources commonly contain non-tuberculous mycobacteria?
Surface water, tap water, and soil
42
What is the typical growth rate for slowly growing mycobacteria?
More than 7 days to form visible colonies
43
Which group of Mycobacteria are known to grow on blood agar?
Rapidly growing mycobacteria
44
Which mycobacterium species grows better in reduced oxygen tension?
Mycobacterium bovis
45
What are the primary drugs used to treat leprosy?
Dapsone, Clofazimine, Rifampicin
46
What are the two extreme clinical forms of leprosy?
Tuberculoid leprosy (TT) and Lepromatous leprosy (LL)
47
What is the principle behind acid-fast staining?
Resistance to decolorization by acid-alcohol
48
Which specific acid is responsible for the acid-fast property of mycobacteria?
Mycolic acid
49
What medium besides LJ is used for culturing Mycobacterium species?
Middlebrook 7H9 broth, Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11 agars
50
Who introduced the genus Mycobacterium into scientific literature?
Lehmann and Neumann in 1896
51
What is the most distinctive feature of the genus Mycobacterium?
Lipid-rich cell envelope conferring acid-fastness
52
Name the pathogens in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, M. caprae
53
What does the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method detect?
Acid-fast bacilli, primarily Mycobacterium tuberculosis
54
What is the incubation period of leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae?
2-7 years, usually 3-5 years
55
Which type of staining technique is used for Mycobacterium species?
Ziehl-Neelsen staining
56
How do Mycobacteria appear under Ziehl-Neelsen stain?
Pink, slender, rod-shaped bacilli
57
What is the generation time of Mycobacterium leprae?
12-13 days
58
Which mycobacterial species is motile within macrophages?
Mycobacterium marinum
59
What temperature range is optimal for Mycobacterium species growth?
25-45°C depending on the species
60
What is the primary feature of the mycobacterial cell wall?
It contains a thick, mycolic acid-rich cell wall
61
What medium is specifically used to culture Mycobacterium species?
Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium
62
What is the causative agent of tuberculosis in humans?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
63
Which component of the immune system is involved in controlling latent TB infection?
Granuloma formation
64
What is the characteristic appearance of Mycobacterium colonies in liquid cultures?
Twisted, rope-like structures called serpentine cords
65
What is the primary method used for rapid identification of Mycobacterium species?
Molecular methods such as PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing
66
Which stain technique does not require heating for staining Mycobacterium?
Kinyoun stain
67
Which group of mycobacteria are considered non-tuberculous?
M. avium, M. kansasii, M. abscessus
68
What is the primary site of infection for pulmonary tuberculosis?
The lungs
69
What disease does Mycobacterium leprae cause?
Leprosy
70
What is a key clinical sign of leprosy?
Skin lesion with anesthesia
71
Which method of TB transmission is most common?
Inhalation of respiratory droplets from an infected person
72
How long can it take for Mycobacterium tuberculosis to form visible colonies on culture media?
2-8 weeks
73
Which immune response is predominant in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?
Th1-dominant adaptive immune response
74
What is the role of mycolic acids in Mycobacterium species?
They make the cell wall waxy, hydrophobic, and resistant to chemicals
75
Which mycobacterium is known for causing Pott's disease?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
76
What are some non-culture methods for identifying Mycobacteria?
GeneXpert, Lateral Flow Assay, Line Probe Assay
77
What is the causative agent of lepromatous leprosy?
Mycobacterium leprae
78
What is the Runyon classification based on?
Growth rate and pigment production of Mycobacterium species
79
What is the typical treatment regimen for tuberculosis?
Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
80
What characteristic distinguishes rapidly growing mycobacteria from others?
Visible colonies form in less than 7 days
81
What is the purpose of using malachite green in Lowenstein-Jensen medium?
To inhibit the growth of contaminants
82
What clinical form of TB affects the spine?
Pott's disease
83
Which organisms can also show acid-fastness besides Mycobacteria?
Rhodococcus spp., Nocardia spp., Legionella micdadei
84
What is a key feature of cavitation in tuberculosis?
Liquefied granulomas release bacteria into the bronchial tree
85
How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis appear on an acid-fast stain?
Pink slender rods
86
What factors contribute to Mycobacterium's resistance to many disinfectants?
Its complex, lipid-rich cell wall
87
What are the clinical manifestations of active pulmonary tuberculosis?
Cough >3 weeks, weight loss, fever, night sweats
88
What is the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method also known as?
The hot method of acid-fast staining
89
Which staining technique is used for the diagnosis of leprosy?
Ziehl-Neelsen staining
90
What environmental sources commonly contain non-tuberculous mycobacteria?
Surface water, tap water, and soil
91
What is the typical growth rate for slowly growing mycobacteria?
More than 7 days to form visible colonies
92
Which group of Mycobacteria are known to grow on blood agar?
Rapidly growing mycobacteria
93
Which mycobacterium species grows better in reduced oxygen tension?
Mycobacterium bovis
94
What are the primary drugs used to treat leprosy?
Dapsone, Clofazimine, Rifampicin
95
What are the two extreme clinical forms of leprosy?
Tuberculoid leprosy (TT) and Lepromatous leprosy (LL)
96
What is the principle behind acid-fast staining?
Resistance to decolorization by acid-alcohol
97
Which specific acid is responsible for the acid-fast property of mycobacteria?
Mycolic acid
98
What medium besides LJ is used for culturing Mycobacterium species?
Middlebrook 7H9 broth, Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11 agars

Medical Microbiology (4 decks)

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