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Microbiology II - Exam 1 Material > Mycobacterium > Flashcards

Mycobacterium Flashcards

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1
Q

Mycobacteria are acid fast due to ____-_____ cell wall resistant to digesting agents such as strong acids and bases.

A

lipid-rich

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2
Q

Four species of Mycobacterium

A

M. tuberculosis
M. ulcerans
M. leprae
Nontuberculosis mycobacteria

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3
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

A

M. tuberculosis
M. bovis
M. microti
M. africanum

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4
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis was discovered by ____ _____.

A

Robert Koch

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5
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis are intracellular and prevent the formation of the _________.

A

phagolysosome

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6
Q

True/False Mycobacterium tuberculosis is anerobic

A

False, it is aerobic

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7
Q

True/False Mycobacterium is motile

A

False, it is nonmotile

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8
Q

Mycobacterium are Gram-_______.

A

positive

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9
Q

Mycobacterium are hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

hydrophobic

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10
Q

M. tuberculosis has weight ____ despite ______ appetite.

A

loss; increased

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11
Q

Types of tuberculosis

A

Pulmonary
Digestive
Renal

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12
Q

M. tuberculosis virulence factors

A

Waxy cell wall
Ability to invade and survive within macrophages

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13
Q

Mycobacterial antigens have been classified as

A

Soluble
Carbohydrates or proteins
By their distribution within the genus

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14
Q

M. tuberculosis transmission

A

droplets from person with active case

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15
Q

Inflammation from M. tuberculosis infection can lead to an “_______ _______” and end up with a granulooma

A

exudative lesion

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16
Q

The granuloma caused by an exudative lesion becomes surrounded by _____ which calcifies into a ________.

A

fibrin; tubercle

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17
Q

The tubercle can burst years after primary infection causing a ________ _________.

A

reactivation TB

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18
Q

Special media for M. tuberculosis

A

Löwenstein–Jensen medium

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19
Q

Description of M. tuberculosis growth on this medium

A

Buff, rough, and tough

20
Q

A positive Mantoux test can mean
1. __________
2. __________
3. __________

A
  1. Could have an active infection
  2. Could have been infected but were one of the 90% who are asymptomatic
  3. Have had the immunization
21
Q

Leprosy is also known as _______ Disease.

A

Hansen’s

22
Q

The morphology is indistinguishable from _____________.

A

M. tuberculosis

23
Q

M. leprae has not been cultured on routine mycobacteria media. I has been cultured on a _______ _______ and a ____-_____ _______.

A

mouse footpad
Nine-banded armadillo

24
Q

Leprosy tuberculoid is ______.

A

Localized; confined to skin and nerves

25
Q

Lepromatous is ________.

A

disseminated

26
Q

MOTT stands for what?

A

Mycobacteria Other Than Tubercle Bacilli

27
Q

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria transmission

A

Frequently environmental

28
Q

Runyon Classification

Group I

A

Photochomogens - pigment on exposure to light

29
Q

Runyon Classification

Group II

A

Scotochromogens - pigment in the dark

30
Q

Runyon Classification

Group III

A

Non-photochromogens

31
Q

Runyon Classification

Group IV

A

Rapid Growers growth at 4-6 days

32
Q

Example of a photochromogen

A

M. kansaii
M. marinum

33
Q

Examples of scotochromogens

A

M. gordonae
M. scrofulaceum
M. szulgai

34
Q

Where is M. kansasii found?

A

water

35
Q

What does M. kansaii cause?

A

chronic pulmonary disease and extra pulmonary diseases such as cervical lymphadentitis and cutaneous disease.

36
Q

where is M. marinum found?

A

Found in salt water and fresh water- contamination from infected fish and other wildlife

37
Q

What does M. marinum cause

A

Cutaneous disease - usually enters through open wounds or traumatic injury

38
Q

M. marinum grows better at _____C.

A

30 degrees C

39
Q

M. goronae rarely causes disease and is found in ________.

A

water

40
Q

M. Scrofulaceum is usually found in ______, _____, and ________.

A

Raw milk, soil, water, and other dairy products.

41
Q

M. scrofulaceum causes what diseases?

A

Cervical adentitis in children, pulmonary disease, skin infections, and bacteremia.

42
Q

M. szulgai are found in ____ and ____.

A

water and soil

43
Q

M. szulgai causes what diseases?

A

Pulmonary disease, cervical adentitis, and bursitis.

44
Q

Examples of Nonphotochromogens

A

M. avium comlex
M. xenopi
M. ulcerans
M. haemophilum

45
Q

M. avium complex is the most common _____ in the USA.

A

Nontuberculosis mycobacteria

46
Q

M. avium complex is ubiquitous in ______,______, and ______.

A

water, soil, and animals

Microbiology II - Exam 1 Material (2 decks)

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