Mycobacterium Flashcards
Mycobacteria are acid fast due to ____-_____ cell wall resistant to digesting agents such as strong acids and bases.
lipid-rich
Four species of Mycobacterium
M. tuberculosis
M. ulcerans
M. leprae
Nontuberculosis mycobacteria
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
M. tuberculosis
M. bovis
M. microti
M. africanum
Mycobacterium tuberculosis was discovered by ____ _____.
Robert Koch
Mycobacterium tuberculosis are intracellular and prevent the formation of the _________.
phagolysosome
True/False Mycobacterium tuberculosis is anerobic
False, it is aerobic
True/False Mycobacterium is motile
False, it is nonmotile
Mycobacterium are Gram-_______.
positive
Mycobacterium are hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
hydrophobic
M. tuberculosis has weight ____ despite ______ appetite.
loss; increased
Types of tuberculosis
Pulmonary
Digestive
Renal
M. tuberculosis virulence factors
Waxy cell wall
Ability to invade and survive within macrophages
Mycobacterial antigens have been classified as
Soluble
Carbohydrates or proteins
By their distribution within the genus
M. tuberculosis transmission
droplets from person with active case
Inflammation from M. tuberculosis infection can lead to an “_______ _______” and end up with a granulooma
exudative lesion
The granuloma caused by an exudative lesion becomes surrounded by _____ which calcifies into a ________.
fibrin; tubercle
The tubercle can burst years after primary infection causing a ________ _________.
reactivation TB
Special media for M. tuberculosis
Löwenstein–Jensen medium
Description of M. tuberculosis growth on this medium
Buff, rough, and tough
A positive Mantoux test can mean
1. __________
2. __________
3. __________
- Could have an active infection
- Could have been infected but were one of the 90% who are asymptomatic
- Have had the immunization
Leprosy is also known as _______ Disease.
Hansen’s
The morphology is indistinguishable from _____________.
M. tuberculosis
M. leprae has not been cultured on routine mycobacteria media. I has been cultured on a _______ _______ and a ____-_____ _______.
mouse footpad
Nine-banded armadillo
Leprosy tuberculoid is ______.
Localized; confined to skin and nerves
Lepromatous is ________.
disseminated
MOTT stands for what?
Mycobacteria Other Than Tubercle Bacilli
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria transmission
Frequently environmental
Runyon Classification
Group I
Photochomogens - pigment on exposure to light
Runyon Classification
Group II
Scotochromogens - pigment in the dark
Runyon Classification
Group III
Non-photochromogens
Runyon Classification
Group IV
Rapid Growers growth at 4-6 days
Example of a photochromogen
M. kansaii
M. marinum
Examples of scotochromogens
M. gordonae
M. scrofulaceum
M. szulgai
Where is M. kansasii found?
water
What does M. kansaii cause?
chronic pulmonary disease and extra pulmonary diseases such as cervical lymphadentitis and cutaneous disease.
where is M. marinum found?
Found in salt water and fresh water- contamination from infected fish and other wildlife
What does M. marinum cause
Cutaneous disease - usually enters through open wounds or traumatic injury
M. marinum grows better at _____C.
30 degrees C
M. goronae rarely causes disease and is found in ________.
water
M. Scrofulaceum is usually found in ______, _____, and ________.
Raw milk, soil, water, and other dairy products.
M. scrofulaceum causes what diseases?
Cervical adentitis in children, pulmonary disease, skin infections, and bacteremia.
M. szulgai are found in ____ and ____.
water and soil
M. szulgai causes what diseases?
Pulmonary disease, cervical adentitis, and bursitis.
Examples of Nonphotochromogens
M. avium comlex
M. xenopi
M. ulcerans
M. haemophilum
M. avium complex is the most common _____ in the USA.
Nontuberculosis mycobacteria
M. avium complex is ubiquitous in ______,______, and ______.
water, soil, and animals
