mycobacteria

Question 1

mycobacteria

Answer 1

acid fast, non motile,nonsporing,cell walls contain lipid and mycolic acid,resistant to drying,acids and various germicides.they are non capsulating.

Question 2

species

Answer 2

M.tuberculosis.,M.bovis,M.africanum,M.microti,M.leprae.classified as g+ because of lack of an outer membrane.Naturally resistant to antibiotics

Question 3

types of clinical tuberculosis

Answer 3

primary tuberculosis,secondary TB,disseminated.

Question 4

Mycoplasma

Answer 4

do not possese rigid cell walls due to lack of peptidoglycan layer.are components of normal flora

Question 5

pathogenesis

Answer 5

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Atypical pneumonia

Question 6

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 6

causes atypical pneumonia because its symptoms do not resembke those of pneumococcal pneumonia .

Question 7

Pathogenesis of M.tuberculosis

Answer 7

causative agent of Tb. Infection is acquires from other humans through droplet nuclei and respiratory route. Inhalation from dust and aerosols. Airborner transmission is efficient because mycobacteria are protected by outer waxy coat from drying therefore surviving for long periods of time in air and house dust.

Question 8

primary tuberculosis

Answer 8

the pathogen enters the lungs in droplets where they are phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages. They multiply intracellularly and carry them via lymohatics to thr local hilar lymph nodes. period of hidden infection is asymptomatic. after 3-4 wks there is cell mediated response against the bacilli. influx of mononuclear cells into lungs leads to formatiom of tubercles which are small hard nodules. Tubercles contain Tb bacilli.

Question 9

secondary tuberculosis

Answer 9

reactivation of dormant mycobacteria. a consequence of impaired immune function. In chronic tb,tubercles expand and drain into bronchial tubes ab upper respiratory tract.consumption.

Question 10

Extrapulmonary Tb

Answer 10

bacilli disseminate to othe organs;regional lymph nodes,kidneys,long bones,genital tract,brain and meninges. Renal tuberculosis-necrosis and scarring of renal medulla ,pelvis,ureter and bladder.painful urination,fever . genital tuberculosis-males ;damages prostate gland,epididymis ,seminal vesicles and testis.females;ovaries,fallopian tubes,uterus. tubercular meningitis-result of active brain lesion seeding bacilli into meninges.