myco Flashcards
Chromoblastomycosis
“fonseka’s Pedro’s Compact Car is Very Wet”
Fonsecaea pedrosoi Fonsecaea compactum Cladosporium carrionii Phialophora verrucosa Exophilia aquaspersa
Fungi that Fluoresce
"All Good Cats and Dogs Fight Sometimes" A udouinii G ypseum C anis D istorteum F errugineum S choenleinii
Trichophyton Species
“Say Say Violet, You’re Going Right to Town” S udanese S choenleinii V iolaceum Y aoundei G ourvilii R ubrum T onsurans
Actinomadura madurae
yellow – white
Actinomadura pelletieri
red – most common in Africa
Nocardia asteroides– common in Central America
white
Nocardia brasiliensis found Mexico (most common; acid fast)
white
N. otitidiscaviarum
white
Nocardiopsis dassonvillei
cream
Streptomyces somaliensis
yellow – white to brown
Rhinosporidiosis
Protothecosis
Non-Fungi Causing Fungal-like Disease
• Polyps and granulomatous lesions in nose, mouth, and eyes
Rhinosporidiosis
Rhinosporidium seeberi aquatic protozoa
• Large sporangium 250-350 microns that look like raspberries
• Red with mucicarmine
Rhinosporidiosis
- Cryptococcus
- Histoplasmosis
- Penicilliosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
Umbilicated Lesions
Prototheca wickerhamii
• Achloric algae
Protothecosis
• Morula - “soccer ball” 8-20 microns
Protothecosis
- Immunocompromised patients
* Olecranon bursitis common
Protothecosis
Cryptococcosis #1
• C. neoformis
- HIV disease
* Pigeon droppings
Cryptococcosis
- Capsulated
- Gelatinous and granulomatous pattern
- India ink for capsule
Cryptococcosis
• #1 opportunistic fungus #1
Candidiasis
• C. albicans
- fluconazole resistance
• C. glabrata
• C. parapsilosis -
chronic paronychia
• C. tropicalis -
disseminates to skin
• C. dubliniensis -
mucosal disease in HIV
• Absidia, Rhizopus, Mucor
Zygomycetes
• Vascular invasion with necrosis of tissue
Zygomycetes
– Acidotic DM
• Rhinocerebral
• Non-septate, wide-ribbon-like hyphae with 90-degree branching
Zygomycetes
1Zygomycetes
• Rhizopus
Hyalohyphomycosis
• Non-pigmented hyphae
– Looks like aspergillus on biopsy, is a Hyalohyphomycosis
• Fusarium
– #1 in burn patients
– Necrotic
• Fusarium
• Dematiaceous fungi
Phaeohyphomycosis
• Alternaria -
hand grenade Phaeohyphomycosis
• Curvularia
- curved Phaeohyphomycosis
• Exophilala, bipolaris, wangiella
Phaeohyphomycosis
• Ubiquitous in nature • Opportunistic • Pulmonary • Cutaneous – Due to trauma – Hemorrhagic and escharotic
Aspergillosis
Aspergillosis #1
• A. fumigatus
- Septate hyphae with 45-degree angle branching
* Conidia with fruiting heads
Aspergillosis #1
• Bamboo rats (Southeast Asia)
Penicilliosis
• “Hand bones” or “broom” appearance
Penicilliosis
– Cladosporum looks similar
Penicilliosis acused by
• P. marneffei
• Molluscum-like
Penicilliosis
Sickle-shaped
Fusarium
• Vase of flowers appearance
Phialophora
- Primary disease in lung
- Supraclavicular LAD
- Destructive facial lesions
- Brazil
Paracoccioidomycosis
Rhinocladiella appearance
• Bottle-brush
• “Mariner’s wheel”
Paracoccioidomycosis
• P. brasiliensis
Paracoccioidomycosis
Histoplasmosis• Primary skin disease is
common T/F
F rare
- River valleys in East (Ohio)( EOH)
* Bat and bird (starling) guano
Histoplasmosis
• H. capsulatum
Small organisms on histopathology
Histoplasmosis
- Southeast US (EB)
* Pulmonary
Blastomycosis• B. dermatitidis
– Face
– Mucous membranes
• Verrucous and ulcerative
Blastomycosis• B. dermatitidis
• Thick-walled, broad-based budding
Blastomycosis
• C. immitis
Coccidioidomycosis
- Southwest(WC)
* Pulmonary
Coccidioidomycosis
• Very rare skin
Coccidioidomycosis
Histoplasmosis
- Dematiaceous
* Soles, webs, paronychia, and nails
Scytalidium
- Keloidal
- Dolphins frequently infected
- “Chain of coins”
Lobomycosis
• Lacazia loboi (Loboa loboi - older
name)
Lobomycosis
Chromoblastomycosis #1
• Fonsecaea pedrosoi
• “Copper pennies” on path
• Saprophytic
- Foot #1
* Tumefaction, sinuses, grains
Mycetoma
• Hyphae with “delicate daisies”
Sporotrichosis
• S. schenckii
- Lives in soil
* Direct inoculation
Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis Rx
• Itraconazole, SSKI
true fungus
Eumycotic -Mycetoma
filamentous bacteria
Actinomycotic -Mycetoma
– Bullous T. pedis
– Spiral hyphae
– Urease +
T. mentag
• T. concentricum
– Antler-like
– Chains of macroconidia
• T. verrucosum
– Tortuous, branching hyphae
• T. violaceum
– Favus
– “Antler-like” favic chandeliers
• T. schoenleinii
– “Birds on a wire”
– Pencil macroconidia
• T. rubrum
– #1 T. capitis in US
• T. tonsurans
– #1 dermatophyte worldwide overall
• T. rubrum ( not for tinea capitis)
– “Balloons on a wire”
– Torpedo macroconidia
– Thiamine
• T. tonsurans
– T. cruris and pedis
– NO HAIR
– Beaver-tail or “snowshoe” appearance
• E. floccosum
– Formerly #1 in T. capitis
• M. audouinii
– Pointed ends
• M. audouinii
– #1 T. capitis worldwide
• M. canis
– “Dog-tails”
– Thick-walled
M. canis
– Geophilic
• M. gypseum
– “Pig snout”
• M. nanum
– Wedge-shaped hair changes
no pigment production
T. mentag
no change in hair shaft
• T. rubrum
– Pigment producing
T. rubrum
T. equine-
niacin
T. megninii-
histadine
– T. concentricum
– Polycyclic scaly plaques
• T. imbricata
• T. unguium
– Distal Lateral Subungual
T. flocc, T. mentag
– Interdigital - T. pedis
E. flocc, T. rubrum
– Moccasin -T. pedis
– E. floccosum, T. rubrum and mentag
• T. cruris
• T. profunda
– Verrucous lesions
• Majocchi’s
– T. rubrum
• T. barbae
– T. mentag and verrucosum
-
- inflammatory
• T. barbae
– T. violaceum and rubrum
- superficial
• T. barbae– M. canis -
abscess
• T. barbae– E. floccosum
– Verrucous
• P. versicolor #1 cause
– Malassezia globosa
• M. canis, tonsurans, verrucosum, mentag
– Kerion
– T. rubrum, mentag, tonsurans and M. canis
• T. corporis
• T. rubrum, gourvilli, yaounde, tonsurans,
schoenleinii, violaceum
– Endothrix
• Black dot ringworm
– T. mentag, rubrum, verrucosum, megninii, gypseum, nanum
• Nonfluorescent
– Wood’s lamp color TV
– Olive oil overlay
– Lipophilic, yellow
Trichosporanosis can cause
in immunocompromised
• Systemic disease
• Piedraia hortae color
– Black
• Trichosporon beigelii
– White