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Classics GCSE > Mycenaean Culture > Flashcards

Mycenaean Culture Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the lion dagger

A
  • ornamental dagger
  • intricate image of lion hunt
  • three lions, four people (one dead on floor)
  • using spears, shields, bow and arrow
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2
Q

Where and when was the lion dagger made and found? What is it made out of?

A
  • 16th century BC
  • Grave 4, Grave circle A, Mycenae
  • gold, silver, niello
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3
Q

What would the lion dagger would have been used for?

A
  • ornamental object
  • almost certainly belonged to king as status symbol
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4
Q

Why were lions hunted?

A
  • hardest challenge hunter could face = thrill of doing something dangerous
  • military training (practice strategy)
  • show of status
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5
Q

Describe the fresco found in Tiryns depicting hunting

A
  • vivid blue background
  • three dogs with brown spots chasing golden brown boar through a field
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6
Q

What were boars hunted for?

A
  • tusks to make jewellery/ helmets
  • meat for food
  • threat

hunted by less wealthy Mycenaeans

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7
Q

Describe the signet ring

A
  • two people on a chariot
  • one archer, one driver
  • hunting deer
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8
Q

What does the signet ring show about hunting in Mycenae?

A
  • deer hunted for food
  • large portions of meat
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9
Q

Describe the drinking cup

A
  • one side cows being driven into nets
  • other side cows are domesticated, calm around farmer
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10
Q

What does the drinking cup show us about hunting in Mycenae?

A
  • cows are hunted
  • domesticated for farming tasks (ploughing)
  • milk production, consistent food source (made into cheese)
  • cows used for cow jumping
  • leather for armour, shields, shoes
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11
Q

Which two pieces of armour changed significantly over the Mycenaean period?

A
  • helmets
  • shields
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12
Q

What was the difference between older and newer shields?

A
  • older shields = figure of eight + tower shields
  • larger

changed- too heavy, would bang knees on shield

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13
Q

What were shields made of and why?

A
  • leather to stop arrows, slides off (cheap)
  • bronze (expensive)
  • some had bronze boss to hit people with
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14
Q

Describe the boar tusk helmet

where was it found?

A
  • layers of boar tusks with leather base for comfort
  • boar tusks = strong

chamber tomb in Mycenae

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a boar tusk helmet?

A
  • each helmet used the tusks of at least ten wild boars
  • hard/ dangerous to hunt (Odysseus got hurt hunting a boar in book 19)
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16
Q

What is fullbody armour found in Dendra called?

A
  • Dendra Panoply
17
Q

What are cons of using the Denra Panoply armour?

A
  • expensive (need to be quarried and hunted for) - made of bronze + boar tusks
  • big bronze plates down to knees = rigid, hard to run in
  • made of bronze = heavy
18
Q

What are the pros of using the Dendra Panoply amrour?

A
  • fullbody protection = shoulder guards + down to knees
  • likely owned by rich person to show off - unlikely to fight
19
Q

Describe the Dendra panoply armour

A
  • hinged together using strips of leather
  • made of 15 plates of bronze
  • found with boar’s tusk helmet, greaves, wrist guard
20
Q

How did the Illiad describe helmets?

A
  • having animal skin liners for comfort + some added protection
  • often had throat straps
  • animal hair plumes on top (identifiable/ look impressive/ intimidation)

Mycenaean wall paintings regularly show plumed helmets

21
Q

Describe the Warrior Vase

A
  • line of almost identical soldiers marching
  • carry long spears (thrusting, not throwing)
  • small round shields
  • carrying knapsacks on spears = supplies/ rations, long journey
  • in chitons
  • wearing breast plates and greaves for protection
  • woman shown to be bidding farewell (mother)
  • other side = spiky helmets and shorter spears
22
Q

When was the Warrior vase made, where was it originally and what was it used for?

what is it made of?

A
  • 14th century
  • house of the warrior, Mycenae
  • clay
  • used as krater (mixing wine with water)
23
Q

What were spears like?

A
  • wooden handle
  • bronze spearhead fitted onto it
24
Q

When and how did the spears change in appearance and function?

A
  • 12 century BC
  • shorter = thrown
25
Q

What was the evidence for spears?

A
  • Linear B tablets from Crete
  • refers to 42 bronze tipped spears
26
Q

Describe the swords found in Mycenaean tombs

A
  • some had elaborate golden hilts
27
Q

What did early swords have?

A
  • wooden pommel (rounded end to handle) covered in gold
28
Q

How have swords changed throughout the Mycenaean era?

A
  • gotten shorter like spears
  • more useful for close combat
29
Q

What are swords held in and what does the wall painting in Akrotiri depict?

A
  • sacbbards
  • tassles on end on scabbards
30
Q

Why were bows seen as a coward’s weapon?

A
  • can inflict harm on others without putting themselves at risk
31
Q

What were chariots used for?

A
  • chasing prey (signet ring)
  • used in war, drops off warrior in the middle of battlefield, they fight and then they get on to go to another place
  • funeral races (Illiad)
  • mode of transport (fresco in Tiryns, couple travelling)
32
Q

Describe the general design of a chariot

A
  • drawn by 2 horses attached to to central pole
  • rarely 2 extra horses added on either side main team by single bar that fasted to front of chariot (expensive, hard to control)
  • wheels + basket usually made of wood
  • strengthened by bronze
  • basket sometimes covered with wicker wood
  • wheels = 4-8 spokes
33
Q

Describe a box chariot

A
  • basket covered in ox hide/ wicker work (as light as possible)
  • 4-8 spokes on wheels
  • offers protection for legs, weapons glide off side of box easier
34
Q

Describe the quadrant chariot

A
  • similar to box chariot
  • curved D shape at front like quadrant of circle

variation of box chariot

35
Q

Describe the rail chariot

A
  • basket with rail each side
  • footboard for driver to stand
  • light vehicle- open cab, minimal protection for legs (likely for transport, not in war)
  • 4 wheeled chariot = heavier (parades and travel)
36
Q

What evidence is there for chariots?

A
  • metallic parts and horse bits found in graves and settlements
  • chariot bodies, wheels, horses inventoried in Linear B tablets
  • frescoes, metal work (ring), grave stele

Classics GCSE (11 decks)

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