My Submission Flashcards

Question

How do you reduce your risk and others, on site?

Answer 1

I ensure I am wearing the required PPE and have received a site induction prior to entering the building site. I report any health and safety hazards on site.

Answer 2

I have reported on the incorrect segregation and safety of a construction site. Following sectional completion, the site was clearly divided into two where the Employer took possession. The Contractor had failed to clearly segregate the two areas which allowed staff from the other area, and the public, to enter the building site. I notified the site manager of this and ensured it was recorded via written communication to the contractor and client. I have also advised and reported on unsafe use of equipment such as labourers using a scissor lift and wooden pallet to wark at height.

Answer 3

Profit and loss statement - shows a company's revenue resulting in either a profit or loss. Balance Sheet - Shows assets and liabilities. (income vs debt) Cashflow statement - shows a company's incoming and outgoing expendire over a period

Answer 4

I would suggest numerous options to allow the Client to decide how best to proceed. These would include bank loans, grants and private company investment. In addition, on a recent scheme, the works were phased and the Client used the profit from the first phase to finance the second development and so I would also suggest this if it applied to the client.

Answer 5

A business plan will include an exec summary, a marketing summary, business description, financial plan, company structure, any objectives or goals and the financial analysis. For example, I my company's business plan includes the main objectives which allows me to understand how I can contribute to this such as through professional development, repeat work and mitigating the cost of the scheme exceeding the agreed fee.

Answer 6

Encourage repeat work, develop a nationwide business through an equal share of turnover across the national offices, cost positive projects that do not exceed the agreed fee, CPD and improved communication with staff.

Answer 7

Ensure to maintain professional relationships, carry out my scope of service professionally and as agreed, keep records, carry out good management, provide solid tender and contract documentation that clearly outlines responsibility and report regularly.

Answer 8

I would initially aim to resolve any conflict without escalating to court proceedings. This would include creating an environment where the conflicting parties can have an open discussion in an environment where they can present their opinions without interruption. I would ensure any relevant records or information are provided to inform the discussion and aim to resolve the conflict without escalation. Failing this, I would review alternate dispute resolution processes as in the contract and with a senior colleague to advise the client accordingly.

Answer 9

Although I was not involved in any processes beyond this point, I assisted a colleague by producing a SCOTT schedule which set out the allegations in the dispute and each parties comments to assist in the proceedings.

Answer 10

Mediation - third party assists in reaching an agreement to settle the dispute. Is not binding but is a low-cost solution. Arbitration - private tribunal determines binding settlement. If applies, must be carried out as TCC may 'stay' litigation proceedings if not. Adjudication - 28 day time frame where nominated adjudicator determines binding decision - court Litigation - can always be used - legally binding court proceedings - TCC

Answer 11

I would ascertain cost information from in-house cost data from recent tender returns, cost estimates or cost plans, or use pricing information such as SPONS or BCIS. I understand the requirement to adjust the rates accordingly, such as updating older data using Tender Price Indices on BCIS.

Answer 12

My Employer uses a common filing system that all QS' use which enables greater collaboration. The data is stored and then archived once the scheme becomes historic i.e. after the 6 / 12 years have exceeded. Cost data is also uploaded to a cost analysis storage point so it can be accessed by all employees.

Answer 13

I understand that the data protection act effects how different types of data should be used and stored. I am aware that data should be used fairly, lawfully, transparently, for the purpose of its use and stored privately and securely. Therefore, if there were confidential information that should not be stored on the shared system, I would discuss this with my Client and Employer to arrange a separate platform for this to be stored.

Answer 14

I understand diversity and inclusion are important in creating a fair working environment for all. I am aware that we must protect others from discrimination and treat everyone fairly without bias. Teamworking is also essential to providing a collaborative environment and progressing a project efficiently and successfully. To encourage teamworking, I have recently used platforms such a sharepoint for all information to be shared where all members of the team have access.

Answer 15

I understand that construction projects must accommodate for all parties and ensure that the schemes result in a building that is accessible for all. I would refer designers to Approved Document M which sets out the minimum standards. I have also worked on the Yorkshire Big Build Scheme which develops and helps SEND Schools. From this, I am aware of further requirements such as sensory needs, wheelchair access, external space requirements for larger vehicles.

Answer 16

Sustainability is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the future generations ability to meet their needs.

Answer 17

I am aware of the BREEAM accreditation and that this is based on criteria of different categories. I understand that some are mandatory and others are optional to achieve higher ratings. For example, criteria within the materials category can be met by sourcing lower-carbon materials and reducing transport required. Although I have not used them, I am also aware of different accrediations such as NEBAR's and LEED.

Answer 18

SDG's are the sustainable development goals outlined by the UN to encourage sustainability and eradicate issues such as poverty.

Answer 19

- encourage the use of sustainable methods and materials - improve training and skills - retrofit existing buildings - progress the legislation - reduce waste

Answer 20

An elemental cost plan breaks down the construction works into elements to include; substructure, superstructure, internal walls, internal finishes, FFE, Mechanical and Electrical installations, drainage and external works.

Answer 21

A cost estimate sets the budget and allows the Client to review the affordability of the scheme. This is produced where there is limited design information at RIBA Stage 1. A cost plan is a working document that develops with the design and sets out the target cost - this is developed between RIBA stage 2-4.

Answer 22

Functional unit - unit x rate (i.e. nr of student beds x cost) Floor area - GIFA x m2 Elemental - works broken into elements and quantified - quant x rate

Answer 23

The cost plan will depend on the buildings size, location and function. The cost plan will also consider any abnormals. Cost plans should be adjusted on the above using BCIS

Answer 24

The PTE is the Pre-Tender Estimate which is the final cost plan carried out based on the tender information issued to contractors. The PTE provides a document which can be used to analyse against the tender returns and also updates the Client on the most recent design and information.

Answer 25

Contingency is an allowance included within an estimate or cost plan to caveat any unforeseen increases, unknown expenses or unmitigated risk. At RIBA stage 1-2, the design information is limited and so a higher contingency is included whereas as the design develops, the cost plan is developed in more detail so is more accurate and so contingency is not required. 5% at RIBA 2-4 10% 1-2

Answer 26

I ensure to sense check all documents issued to a Client. for example, on the industrial schemes in Harrogate, I compared the cost report to in house recent cost reports of a similar scope on a cost/sq ft basis. When doing this, I ensured to take into account any abnormals so was an equal comparison. In addition, I would review recent tender returns or check against the average costs included within spons.

Answer 27

Value Engineering is the process of providing alternate solutions to the Employer to reduce the cost of the scheme. If a cost plan was over budget,I would suggest arranging a meeting with the design team to review the design and for any proposals to reduce the cost of the scheme to be provided and discussed. I would ensure that this does not impact the Employers key priorities or any specific requirements that were discussed in the client brief. I would also I would review any elements that stand out as expensive. and suggest these to provide proposals to the Client.

Answer 28

I have reviewed different proposals to provide cost options to the client to reduce the cost, such as pre-fabricated valet bays that were manufactured off-site. These reduced the programme and cost and so the design was amended following the cost exercise.

Answer 29

I would suggest to undertake a value engineering workshop with the design team to provide proposals for areas where cost savings can be made.

Answer 30

At early stages, I would include an allowance based on a percentage of the contract sum - usually between 10-20%.

Answer 31

The main difference between traditional and D&B is the allocation of risk. Under a traditional contract, the design and risk remains with the Client but this also offers further control. Whereas, the Design and Build contract transfers all risk and responsibility of the design and construction to the contractor, thus removing some control of the quality but reducing the design risk for the Employer. Risk: Sole point of responsibility under D&B and transferred to C whereas traditional, risk could be placed on any consultant and C Cost: risk premium with D&B as risk allowances priced into scheme were design less detailed whereas traditional, design complete so priced accurately More cost certainty under D&B unless any changes - under D&B priced higher Programme: Programme length reduced on D&B as design being undertaken in tandem with construction. Design: risk transferred to C under D&B but also E retains less control over design on D&B Tender analysis: Easier to compare and analyse traditional as all based on exact design. Under D&B, more scope for variation of the design proposals submitted by C so more difficult to analyse submissions

Answer 32

The client retains control over the quality and design

Answer 33

I would suggest a single stage tender process on a design and build contract to obtain a cost for the construction of the works and further development of the design. This will enable enhanced collaboration and benefit from using the Contractors expertise to complete the works. In addition, this will reduce the programme as design and construction can overlap. This will also reduce the design risk for the Employer.

Answer 34

I would suggest the Minor works JCT Contract. I would query whether any contractors design is required to be able to advise on whether MW with design is required. I would confirm that the Employer is aware that this comes with less detailed contract provisions and that the Employer retains control of the design and subsequently design risk

Answer 35

I would refer to the JCT Guidance Document called 'Deciding on the appropriate JCT Contract' and review this depending on their requirements.

Answer 36

Traditional contracts require the CA to cerity a payment certificate as per the contract particulars, irrespective of a contractors application in line with the dates set. Whereas, D&B payment terms are triggered by the contractors application and is contractor led.

Answer 37

I would refer to the Contract to understand the mechanism required however I do understand on a D&B contract that a non-completion notice must be issued to certify that the contractor failed to meet PC. The non-completion note must be issued in order for the Client to levy damages, if he wishes.

Answer 38

Provisional sums are adjusted via Instruction from the CA or EA and are omitted from the contract sum. The agreed cost is then added back in to account for the actual cost of the work.

Answer 39

The works are divided into sections to phase the works, such as on a scheme in Crewe which allowed early possession to some areas. One section 1 was complete, retention was released as per the contract and making good defects complete for that section after 12 months.

Answer 40

If the Contractor failed to submit a valuation by the due date, I would advise the Contractor of this to remind them that an application was due. Subsequently, I would advise that the due date will then become 7 days after receipt of their application. If no application was received, I would not issue a payment notice as one is not due under the contract.

Answer 41

If an application is not received on the valuation date, I would ensure to undertake my own valuation of the works and issue a payment notice certifying the amount I believe due, in line with the payment dates listed in the Contract.

Answer 42

Preliminaries are a group of items necessary for a contractor to complete the works but do not become part of the finished works. They also define the contract particulars which will form part of the contract documents.

Answer 43

- refer to the contract document checklist that forms part of my company's QA process; - comp check the pricing document - ensuring the list of drawings is correct and matches the exact drawing name. - preliminaries and contract particulars align - Contract sum in contract and pricing doc align - All documents signed by a senior surveyor and director

Answer 44

Retention is a percentage of the contract sum retained by the Employer to rectify defects and other works on the basis that the contractor does not complete the works. The percentage is defined in the contract particulars - usually 3%. 50% is then released at PC with the remaining retention released, usually upon receipt of the making good defects certificate.

Answer 45

one month after whichever occurs last of: - end of rectification period - date stated in MGD Cert - Date of submission of the Final Statement

Answer 46

- Certifying valuations - Certifying practical/ sectional completion (Crewe - issued PC)

Answer 47

Advised the Contractor of the increase to payment terms of 28 days rather than 14 Advised the Contractor of their responsibility to verify the design and take responsibility for the design pre-contract. This further supported the Clients claim that the Contractor was not due the sums for additional groundworks required as a result of poor ground conditions

Answer 48

- breach of Contract - would give the Contractor rights to terminate the Contract under Section 8. - to pay the Contractor in line with the final date for payment listed on the payment notice - alternatively issue a pay less notice, if there was adequate reason in line with the contract.

Answer 49

- raise my concerns over the delays to programme and query this with the Contractor & highlight this is a breach of contract. - Understand the reason for the delays and discuss this to understand if there is cause/ any way to assist in mitigating the delays - If the Contractor continued to fail to proceed regularly, I would issue a notice under Clause 8.4 of a D&B Contract. - If the default continues beyond 14 days, I would seek legal advise and note to the Employer that they are able to terminate the contract after 21 days of expiry of the 14 days

Answer 50

The inability to pay debts. If a party becomes insolvent, the other party has a right to terminate the contract.

Answer 51

pre-fabricated materials modular building mass timber recycled steel pre-fabricated steel glass pre-cast concrete reduce waste reduce transport retrofitting

Answer 52

- pre-fabricated valet bays/ traditional build based on cost, programme and more environmentally friendly - safeguarding in a residential building - arch proposed requiring key cards to exit the stair well, I advised this could end in where someone had tailgated in and the resident could become trapped in the stair well. - Advised on the solution for a design flaw where the duct work was below the ceiling grid line - solution was to proceed with a cupboard to provide usable space rather than boxing in.

Answer 53

- Trafford Centre - 2hr party walls rather than 1hr as per building regs. Included allowance for removal of existing and replacement with new screed as usually requested by tenants in AFL. - Schemes for Lookers and assuming direct packages required based on previous schemes; new signage, furniture packages, IT allowances, surveys required etc.

Answer 54

Confirm the change Advise on any initial risks i.e. cost / programme Discuss with Contractor request the C prices and provide cost and programme impact to the client for instruction

Answer 55

On BMW Crewe, there were numerous instances where the contractor had attempted to recover costs by not carrying out the works in line with the ER's such as installing the incorrect barrier hoops. - advised the Contractor that the installation was incorrect - Issued an instruction for the removal of the works that were not in accordance with the contract - ensured the rectified works were correct

Answer 56

METSEC is an external wall system comprising of a steel frame that is pre-fabricated and provides quick installation on site to allow the construction of other elements in tandem with the frame

Answer 57

Controlled environment - better quality control Faster install to reduce construction programme less susceptible to cracking weather resistent

Answer 58

Requires plant and transport as is heavy Must be handled with care as if damaged on site, must be re-manufactured

Answer 59

Single stage tendering is the issue of the final tender documentation a a number of contractors, usually 4, to price. The tender returns are then provided and analysed with one contractor selected. Single stage tendering is carried out from RIBA stage 4. - competitive tender returns based on more detailed tender information - longer design periods required to ensure information acceptable to obtain price for the entirety of the works

Answer 60

Two stage tendering is the process of issuing the tender documents, usually where the design is not fully progressed, to obtain prices and proposals for the works. One Contractor is then selected and the scheme is progressed to complete the design process. Two stage tendering can be carried out from RIBA Stage 2.

Answer 61

Open tendering is the process of issuing an invitation to tender and tender documents on an open forum, through public procurement sites/ frameworks, where anyone can submit a tender.

Answer 62

Schemes where the design is not fully complete Where a D&B contract is to be used Where the scheme would benefit from contractor/ specialist input

Answer 63

Where the Employer wishes to retain control of the design through the design stages Where the design is complete/ developed enough to obtain a price with minimal risk inclusions On a traditional scheme On a D&B where the E wishes to have more control over quality

Answer 64

Although I have not worked on one, I would advise the Client to check their policies for procurement. I would note that open tendering or two stage would be preferable based on public procurement legislation such as PPP.

Answer 65

The minimum specification / standards

Answer 66

Introduction Purpose and scope of ITT Scope of project key dates (tender process to appointment) tender documents form of contract]project team information to be submitted as part of tender evaluation confirmation of intent any assessment information

Answer 67

Design, bid, build E employs a design team, tender information is issued to contractors, contractor appointed based on price, E retains control of design and C constructs works in line with Spec/Drawings. Price certainty, transparent, competitive, comparable No input from C on design, E risk if design errors/ not complete Used where design complete, E wishes to retain control, smaller schemes

Answer 68

Contractor is responsible for the design and construction for an agreed lump-sum price C assumes risk, quicker procurement process, price certainty less control over design, pay premium due to risk, changes can be expensive, harder to analyse tenders Used where design not as developed, reduce prog, E wishes to reduce risk, not as much control over design required

Answer 69

Construction manager appointed by E to manage the different packages of works. All works split into packages and tendered to receive prices - competitive. Design & construction overlap, reduce programme No price certainty until all packages let, delivery can be challenging, requires good managing Use where clients are experiences, hands on and working relationships are strong - can be used where aim is to reduce programme and costs but does not require price certainty

Answer 70

Design completed by design team, E employs management contractor to manage whole of the works. C appointed through tender or negotiation. Works contractors then complete the works (packages). Design can be in parallel with construction, no certainty of cost, cannot make changes that effect other packages, any gaps can cause issues. Use when projects complex in nature but E wishes to retain control of design

Answer 71

Pannal: First phase ongoing - contractor successful Second phase to be tendered - agreed to negotiate with same C as first phase Obtained a price, compared to PTE and previous scheme as similar in nature. Negotiations between Employer and C - commercial saving on the contract sum in return for an advance payment of 10%. Both parties agreed.

Answer 72

I initially ensure the CP's are compliant with the ER's by reviewing the proposals in detail. Once satisfied, I would set out the criteria as agreed with the Employer to create a scoring system with weights assigned. I then undertake this exercise and review each proposal, assign the scores to the scoring matrix and determine the best proposal based on the highest score.

Answer 73

On a scheme in Harrogate, the Contractor had proposed programme and cost savings for different solutions to those listed in the ER's. I ensured the overall lump sum was compliant with the ER' and that these would be offered as savings. This was confirmed so the tender returns were analyzed on a comparable basis, and the proposals raised in the tender report to the Employer.

Answer 74

I would provide the Contractor with the revised information for pricing and for any impact on programme to be raised. I would also undertake my own analysis of the changes and estimate the cost impact. Following this, I would agree the contract drawings with the Employer and Contractor to ensure all parties are aware of the contents and associated costs.

Answer 75

Project summary (key dates) Contract sum Adjustments of the contract sum, as per those listed in the contract, i.e. adjustment of provisional sums, client contingency, any instructions and changes, foreseen changes. Any fluctuations if applicable Any deductions if applicable cashflow (if required)

Answer 76

To regularly update the Client on forecasted/additional expenditure and estimated final account. Informs requirement for further funding

Answer 77

Omitted from contract sum via instruction Addition of actual cost added to contract sum as an adjustment

Answer 78

- clearly segregate the two On BMW, all costs were included within the same board approval figure, however I adjusted each package on different tabs to clearly segregate the direct packages, main contract package and the EV works. This allowed the Client to see the adjustments for each elements, rather than overall cost for the works as a whole.

Answer 79

Those to be adjusted i.e. provisional sums, PC sums, quantities, dayworks

Answer 80

Changes to the Contract Documents as listed in the Contract i.e. client instructions, loss & expense, fluctuations, design fees added as result

Answer 81

The cashflow provides an estimated cost to be invoiced each month for the duration of the project. In the first instance I would request a cashflow from the Contractor. Failing receipt of this, I would calculate an estimated forecast based on programme activities and the pricing document. On BMW Crewe, I also provided a cashflow for the directs which was calculated based on when the works would be carried out on the programme. Some requested payment upon receipt of order and so this was split accordingly on the cashflow.

Answer 82

Any adjustments to contingency are clearly shown on the cost report to identify the total remaining. On a traditional job, it was agreed with the Client that it is at my discretion to use the contingency where required. On this basis, where additional unforeseen costs have been incurred, I have offset these against the contingency such as additional NPG connection expenses.

Answer 83

Defined = programme allowance included Undefined = no allowance for programme

Answer 84

Floor area, functional unit and elemental. I have frequently used the elemental technique to produce cost plans and quantify works. Using this, I have measured the approximate quantities of the works required and applied rates using reliable cost data to produce a cost plan. I am aware of how to use other methods but have not used these recently.

Answer 85

D&B - I have produced CSA's for numerous jobs on d&b schemes where these have been detailed or simple summaries. Traditional - I have produced work schedules for minor works with design jobs. I am aware of the importance to ensure all items shown on the design information are reflected in the work schedules and that any elements that are contractor designed should be clearly defined.

Answer 86

I would apply NRM2 when producing bills of quantities.

Answer 87

I would use NRM1 for assistance in cost estimating and cost planning

Answer 88

Although I would not use NRM3, I do know it should be applied when producing cost plans/estimates for maintenance works.

Answer 89

I have used NRM when producing cost plans for assistance in ensuring all components of an element are included within my costs. For example, ensuring that I have made allowances for mat wells that may not be shown on the drawing but will likely be required.

Answer 90

Tradtional : With quantites - BoQ Without quantites - Works Schedules, Specifications (+drawings) D&B: CSA

Answer 91

If there was not sufficient design information, i would advise on a D&B contract with a CSA. If the design is complete with some CDP portions, I would advise on either a work schedules or specification without quantities.

Answer 92

I have assisted in preparing BoQ once, where I used CATO to complete the wall finishes section. I used NRM 2 to ensure the descriptions were correct and using the correct coding.

Answer 93

- increase the design contingency - query elements with the architect - clarify any assumptions made - clarify any exclusions

Answer 94

RIBA 1-2 - 10% RIBA 3-4 - 5%

Answer 95

(BMW) Initially I would determine which items I agree with in principle and which should be rejected. I would then request the relevant substantiation to those to be considered in the discussion i.e. breakdown to costs, quotes etc. and any further narrative. I would then review these and advise on those I disagree with to negotiate the fair and reasonable cost to be included and agreed. For those rejected, I would then review once all other items were concluded to negotiate these on a fair and reasonable basis between all parties to ultimately conclude the account. Following agreement, I would issue a final account statement to formalise this.

Answer 96

Track against cashflow and programme Undertake valuation on site to value works undertaken since commencement Sense check against programme and actual works complete sense check against cashflow If works in delay, would anticipate that the valuation should not exceed the cashflow

Answer 97

Signed in correct place and as per letter issued with contract docs listing requirements not dated check no hand written amendments

Answer 98

I would issue a risk register to all parties prior to the meeting for their consideration. The meeting would then focus on reviewing the risk register and adding any additional items - all parties to review and consider the risk of each item to highlight critical items and discuss any potential mitigation strategies. Frequent meetings to review. For example, Trafford Centre M&S - undertook fortnightly meetings to review the long lead items, orders placed and the potential impact on programme and the risk of not meeting the notice periods and black out dates. Reviewed notices with Employer so all met.

Answer 99

I would review the document and highlight any clauses which may put the Employer at risk or that are not achievable and arrange a meeting to review these and understand the position. I would also ensure the document was issued to any other consultants for their review and comment. Trafford Apple AFL - reviewed, highlighted, discussed, E position confirmed, negotiated with tenant

Answer 100

Where a scheme is not complex in nature but requires detailed contract provisions, the Employer wishes to retain control of the design.

Answer 101

Where a scheme is small in nature, E wishes to retain control

Answer 102

Where E wishes to transfer responsibility of design and then construction to contractor, larger projects where design not fully complete

Answer 103

Not used it but - When the scheme is large or complex, detailed provisions needed and E wishes to retain control of design

Answer 104

- administer the contract - Certify in line with contract - completion, payment - Notify - termination, payment, dispute resolution - Supervise works, approve quality, issue instructions, make assessments - Provide information, IRS

Answer 105

I administer the contract, issue notices, supervise and approve the works, chair monthly progress meetings, issue instructions, certify payments, certify completion and undertake any other requirements as per the Contract.

Answer 106

I initially review the amendments and confirm any adjustments to the payment terms and then set up a payment schedule which identifies the key dates such as the valuation date, due date, final date for the payment notice and final date for payment. This is based on the dates as per the contract however may adjust on a D&B contract where the application is received beyond the due date. Pannal schedule - where QS only and tight payment dates - agreed date for final issue of valuation certificate

Answer 107

The amendments amend the terms of the contract, the most common is the amendment of the payment terms from 14 days from the due date to 21 or 28. I ensure to review the contract amendments in all circumstances when referring to the contract.

Answer 108

- Request the contractor to price the change and advise on any programme implications - advise the Employer of this - Review the costs submitted, ensure fair and reasonable, request approval - Instruct the works Where works require an extension to the programme, I would make note of this on the Instruction that there is a resultant programme impact, and would then issue a notice to adjust the completion date accordingly. I would also ensure any costs reflect the actual costs i.e. prelims etc, included.

Answer 109

To certify PC, I would ensure that the works are substantially complete, save for any minor defects, and the building could be occupied I would ensure that the Contractor has provided the information required to grant PC, specifically sign off from Building control, the health and safety file and O&M information.

Answer 110

As-built information Details of the project Details for operation and maintenance of the building and installations Warranties Guaranteed Testing and Commissioning Certificates Building Control sign off

Answer 111

The date of the contract being signed The date that practical completion was granted The date for the end of the rectification period A list of outstanding works/ snags Append the snagging list Timescales for completion of outstanding items (usually 14 days)

Answer 112

Dependent on the contract, I would issue a non-completion certificate. If one is not required, I would formally notify the Contractor and Employer that PC had not been met through written communication to keep a record of this.

Answer 113

I would refer to the relevant clause in the Contract as the mechanisms differ between the JCT contracts. Under a D&B I would advise the Employer that notice to levy damages must be given prior to 5 days before the final date for payment and that the notice must comply with the information requested under the contract.

Answer 114

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Accounting standards and practices utilised by businesses in the preparation of their financial statements

Answer 115

International Accounting Standards Set of accounting rules - Replaced in 2001 by IFRS

Answer 116

International Financial Reporting Standards Set of accounting rules for the financial statements of public companies Ensures consistency, transparency and ability to compare

Answer 117

The auditor verifies the accuracy of financial statements and tax filings to ensure accuracy.

Answer 118

I have requested and provided credit checks of potential contractors for the Employers review however I understand that I am not competent in advising on this and so solely provided the information.

Answer 119

We have recently become an Employee Owned Trust and so is structured by the Employees & trust consisting of 2 employees, 2 directors, and one independent Group Holdings - Exec board still make day to day decisions Independent companies i.e. RPP / RPPML / RPP Asbestos more collaborative, indirect ownership, beneficiary of annual tax free bonus' - gov scheme

Answer 120

The difference between assets and liabilities

Answer 121

Assets = item owned that has value Liability = item owned that creates money owed

Answer 122

Forecasting is essential to allow consideration of what will happen in the future and allows business plans to be updated accordingly

Answer 123

Investment - committing resources to achieve benefits - can be financial or other forms such as training; Financial - loans, grants Other - training, resourcing, development Business plan identifies requirements

Answer 124

Where a business is owned by multiple partners / organizations dependent on the business type i.e. directors/ stakeholders etc.

Answer 125

Key Performance Indicators quantifiable measures of performance over a time period Highlight specific objectives Assist a business in tracking progress against objectives

Answer 126

Total after deducting operating costs, interest and tax expenses from growth profit

Answer 127

form of business analysis based on external factors; Political Economic Social Technological Legal Environmental

Answer 128

Unique Selling Point - defines how a business differentiates itself from competitors

Answer 129

Provide minimum standards for the design, construction and alteration of buildings.

Answer 130

Majority of JCT contracts make provision for mediation, adjudication or arbitration. Adjudication is a statutory right and so if one party calls on this, the other must concur. Negotiation is an optional provision under supplemental provisions. It is also RPP standard to omit the clause for arbitration so it does not apply.

Answer 131

Form of dispute resolution where the proceedings are private and does not go to court. The decision of the arbitrator (private tribunal) is binding. Information is required to be presented in a specific format for the arbitrator to review. If arbitration applies, cannot go to litigation and difficult to appeal as court typically agrees with arbitrator.

Answer 132

The process is voluntary and non-binding by attempting to reach agreement without the assistance of a third party. The most informal method of ADR where parties discuss the issue rather than undertaking formal court proceedings.

Answer 133

Mediation is a formal process facilitated by a impartial third person. Parties can withdraw at any time and is not binding.

Answer 134

Adjudication is a statutory right under the Construction Act and can be called on by either party and the other must concur. A court judge resolves the issue between two parties and is binding, unless a party refers to litigation.

Answer 135

Litigation is similar to adjudication where parties resolve the dispute in court and the decision is binding, but in this instance is binding and final. Expensive and time consuming

Answer 136

Parties agree to an expert third party to review the dispute, whose decision is binding and cannot be appealed. This is a cheaper option than court proceedings. The decision can only be overturned by going to court.

Answer 137

Good management, record keeping, maintaining professional relationships, good contract documents outlining responsibilities and scope clearly

Answer 138

Opportunity to review the full scope and cost of the works where items may not have been recovered during interim valuations. JCT provides an allowance of time for the Contractor to submit the information for the FA to be reviewed (3 months)

Answer 139

A breach of the duty of care owed. Must consider whether a party has been negligent when considering dispute resolution.

Answer 140

Alternative Dispute Resolution

Answer 141

The process of collecting, storing and using data

Answer 142

When using cost data, I would make any adjustments necessary based on the external factors such as date or location. To do so I would use the project costs on BCIS or adjust my own data using the indices such as TPI. For example, if using a tendered scheme from 2021 to analyse against a tender received in 2023, I would adjust the tender received in 2021 by the TPI.

Answer 143

Tender Price Indices Cost A/Cost B = Index at Time A/Index at Time B

Answer 144

Consultants are generally appointed based on past experience with a Client or through recommendation. Alternatively, they may be appointed through a framework. Team members should be appointed based on merit.

Answer 145

All formal communication should be written such as through letters or emails. Another example includes issuing minutes/ records of conversations.

Answer 146

Via verbal conversations

Answer 147

A forum for all those relevant to communicate. For example, a teams site for all parties on a project to communicate.

Answer 148

RPP have a diversity and equality policy which commits to eliminating discrimination. All employees should be treated fairly by all other employees and should provide fairness within the workplace.

Answer 149

I understand unconscious bias to be where an individual makes judgements or decisions based on deep rooted patterns and so are not aware they are doing it. This is often judgments based on stereotypes such as race, age, gender or other factors.

Answer 150

It is important to highlight any unconscious bias if spotted through reporting behavior or discussing this. It is important to educate yourself but also propose training if it is deemed required in the workplace.

Answer 151

Inclusivity and diversity help with innovation and creativity. In addition, it creates an environment where employees may feel more comfortable.

Answer 152

Creating a space that is accommodating to all. Environment where not discriminated against. The critical item is to create spaces in accordance with the minimum standards set out in Approved Document M but also further this through other provisions that may create more inclusive spaces.

Answer 153

When visiting a SEND school which will be the next Big Build project, it was clear that the existing structure met building regulations for access and use however was not suitable for the students using the space such as poor ventilation and small spaces.

Answer 154

The revised Part L (conservation of fuel and power) means that the standards for construction have improved where buildings must reduce their carbon emissions compared to previous standards. This means that more sustainable materials and technologies must be used. May increase the cost of construction in some areas or impact the programme due to long lead items.

Answer 155

Low carbon materials in construction i.e. prefabricated steel reduces transport, timber, green roof, installation of PV or heat pumps, sourcing of local materials, smart technology in M&E controls, options such as removing ceiling finishes and exposing M&E - BMW & Wellington Place

Answer 156

PV panels, solar farms, wind energy, hydrogen, green steel (made using renewable energy),

Answer 157

The goal is to become net-zero by 2050. 80% of 2050 building stock already built (UKGBC) Industry contributes to 42% of GHG emissions Critical that Built Environment reduces carbon & assists in retrofitting existing.

Answer 158

Identifies the Clients requirements - Document which develops as the project progresses

Answer 159

The appointment scope of service limitations of liabilities collateral warranties clients obligations payment terms insurance termination/dispute fees services H&S Adjustment to the fee/ additional services

Answer 160

If verbally, I would initially ask that this be made in writing Once in writing, I would confirm receipt of the complaint by response and advise this will be passed onto a senior colleague for review and action. pass the information onto the relevant colleague as identified within the complaints handling procedure Highlight that a response is required within 28 days and that our PI insurers must be made aware.

Answer 161

Ensure in writing any communication is professional be mindful that in writing it may be kept as a record and emails can be viewed as contracts/ instructions in court

Answer 162

store information as per my company's filing system ensure any emails/ information that may be called upon is saved in the relevant place For QA purposes, ensure a copy of our appointment is in the relevant folder.

Answer 163

Ask if there is a specific format the Client would prefer me to use, for example one of my clients has their own cost report that the QS' must populate. If that is not the case, I would use an RPP template to ensure consistency.

Answer 164

Provide a copy for their review prior to the meeting Present the report in a professional manner, ensuring to provide the information relevant to support the report and presentation Ensure any questions can be asked at any point to avoid confusion Ask whether anything needs to be reviewed in more detail and that everything is understood

Answer 165

On the residential scheme in Harrogate, I issued a cost plan to the Client and arranged a meeting to review this. During this meeting, the Client queried the rates and items included such as the cost difference between stone and brick. I provided evidence of the cost data source and discussed this to support the inclusions.

Answer 166

- prefabricated valet bays at Mini - change to the stairwell lock system at Pannal - design solution to visible ductwork where was below ceiling grid - cupboard

Answer 167

- Pannal - noted the specification of the stone was expensive and other solutions could be reviewed to value engineer the scheme; changed to a cheaper spec - Pannal - specification of the kitchen fit out - BMW - option of installing rooflights following installation of the roof, provided costs for that and alternate cheaper options to gain daylight; windows cut into cladding

Answer 168

JCT Contract Preliminaries Preambles Outline spec Pricing document/ provisional sums Drawings PCI Drawings Specification Amendments Any site information/ investigations Planning

Answer 169

Invitation to tender Preliminaries Preambles Outline spec Pricing document/ provisional sums Form of tender Drawings PCI Drawings Specification Amendments Any site information/ investigations Planning

Answer 170

May include information not expressly included within the tender information i.e. working hours and constraints will advise the contractor of conditions that have to be met

Answer 171

Provides power to a third party to enforce the terms of a contract Third party rights under JCT = able to benefit - contractor is liable to that party, access to design documents, liability is proportionate to third parties loss, C must give notice to third party if wishes to terminate, materials are in accordance with contract.

Answer 172

Collateral warranties are a supporting document to the main contract that provide a contractual link between the client and other parties i.e. sub-contractors and consultants

Answer 173

All those with a design responsibility

Answer 174

Where the Employer wishes to advance the practical completion date so the works complete earlier than the contract completion date.

Answer 175

E issues invitation for Contractors proposals to achieve this C provides an acceleration quotation (open for 7 days) If E accepts: Contract sum adjusted accordingly & dates revised If E declines: cost must be included for time to prepare quotation OR C advises it is not achievable but must present why

Answer 176

C submits EoT claim EoT claim should demonstrate the delay as a result of a relevant event and provide details including the duration of the delay and impact on the programme. CA reviews EoT claim EoT either denied or granted

Answer 177

Relevant Matter = Client is responsible & entitles C to loss/expense Relevant Event = Caused by client or is a neutral event - does not necessarily entitle to L/E Both cause delay to completion date

Answer 178

Expresses an interest on the part of a party to enter into a formal contract, as per the details contained in the LOI. Programme dates contract sum Contract contents payment terms Authorised work & Maximum amount Termination terms Will often specify only orders can be placed for certain packages, based on long lead times, or only certain elements can be complete under the maximum amount

Answer 179

The contract supersedes the Letter of Intent

Answer 180

I would wait until the specified time on the form of tender to open all tender returns at the same time.

Answer 181

Late tenders should certainly not be considered for public procurement projects. Private clients should be advised which tenders were late and if they wish them to still be considered then they must provide explicit instruction to do so.

Answer 182

Provide the opportunity for the Contractor to review the costs for the item and either adjust or stand by

Answer 183

Although I have not carried out works in the public sector, I do understand that the tender must be carried out in line with the UK Public procurement policy and - contractors must be aware of how the tenders will be evaluated - the process must be fair with the contractor appointed based on the evaluation criteria - all deadlines must be clearly stated - undertaken via a open process.

Answer 184

Although I have not used NEC, I would expect the contract to be used on an engineering project. However, they can also be used on construction projects where the works are of a large nature.

Answer 185

EA = D&B CA = Traditional

Answer 186

On a scheme on an ICD contract, I ensure to review any updated drawings and highlight any changes that may have an impact on cost. Following this, if the Contractor has not provided a cost for this element, I include an estimated cost within my cost report to identify any anticipated increases to the Client.

Answer 187

New regulations are likely to request higher standards of building i.e. Part L now requires lower carbon emissions in buildings. This is likely to have an impact on cost where higher specifications are now required and therefore existing cost data may not be comparable.

Answer 188

Review the information available and identify the main risks based on the different types i.e. design development, construction, employer changes or other. For example, if the design was not detailed, I would include an allowance for design development. Or, if there was no site investigations carried out, I would now include an allowance for unforeseen ground conditions/ additional works required. Reduce risk allowance when design/ information develops

Answer 189

I would carry this out in line with the valuation rules. For example, the valuation of additional works shall be consistent with that in the CSA and likewise for the omission. Any valuations must also include allowances/reductions for preliminaries.

Answer 190

Where the change requested by the employer: - - Request a cost from the Contractor - Provide the cost to the Employer for approval - If approved, issue an instruction and request the update of any drawings relevant Make clear during the pre-start that no changes should be carried out without instruction from the CA/ EA. Where a change proposed by the Contractor: - Obtain the proposal from the C showing any programme / cost impact/saving - Issue to the Employer and provide any supporting information - If approved, issue an instruction - If not, advise C to proceed as per the contract documentation

Answer 191

On a Design and Build scheme where the novated architect had a working relationship with the end-user, I clarified that there should be no updates to the drawings that would constitute a change under Clause 5.1, without a formal instruction issued by myself. I advised the Contractor to make myself aware of any changes that they would deem a variation, and to obtain approval prior to proceeding. On a traditional scheme, I reviewed the drawings issued by the design team and identified any changes with a cost or programme impact. I included allowances for these items within my cost report where the costs were not yet agreed so as to highlight any forecasted expenditure. On all projects I aim to agree all variations throughout the project duration as best practice to assist in the final account negotiations.

Answer 192

On a new-build school facility, the contractor issued their revised programme which amended the sequencing of the works, but still met the completion date. Following a review, I noted that a number of the activities had reduced in length by significant amounts. I therefore queried this with the Contractor to understand how the periods had reduced and whether there was any risk to the programme. I advised the Client of this and was mindful during valuations and progress meetings to query any programme concerns.

Answer 193

BMW Crewe Reviewed invoices on a monthly basis to ensure these were as agreed and in line with the approved quotations Review valuations against the programme and cashflow

Answer 194

Review information Organise risk workshop with design team and potentially contractor Compile risk register All parties contribute to highlight key risks Identify likelihood and severity of risk Identify largest risks Monitor throughout scheme

Answer 195

Event Likelihood 1-5 Impact 1-5 Multiply likelihood by impact Risk from 1 being low to 5 being high Those with highest scoring to be monitored in more detail Mitigation strategies identified

Answer 196

Based on risks and unknown specifics. Less design = higher contingency

Answer 197

Reflect changes in the level of tender prices over a period of time. Consider levels of inflation.

Answer 198

The date in which the cost information is based on. Base date in tender documents = 10 days prior to tender returns.

Answer 199

Benefit derived from a course of action and the cost/effort required to achieve it. Measure of worth considering usefulness and benefits that are delivered in comparison to cost

Answer 200

Costs incurred over a defined period of constructing, operating and maintaining a building through to end of life i.e. demolition.

Answer 201

Capital costs/ operational/ maintenance

Answer 202

No, a cashflow should be calculated using the programme and schedule of activities against the pricing document. A sum/ week would be unrealistic. An accurate cashflow should show an S curve- lower costs at the start, increase through middle stages and level out towards end Example - BGS cashflow calculated using work schedules and programme of activities

Answer 203

An instruction should be in writing using a consistent format, noting the date, change, impact on cost and any programme impact. Instructions can be issued with approximate costs/quants or costs TBA but for ease at FA, these should be agreed where possible.

Answer 204

Verbal instructions can be issued but must be followed up in writing within 7 days otherwise they are of no effect.

Answer 205

I would request a Schedule 2 quotation from the Contractor to include a quotation or a schedule of rates. Alternatively, I would undertake a valuation of the works under the valuation rules and agree this.

Answer 206

Loss and Expense reimburses contractor for costs incurred in carrying out additional works or as a result of E breach.

Answer 207

Aim to resolve all issues through negotiation Discuss the issue and positions with a senior colleague and/or the Client Attempt to negotiate and agree a revised position with the QS. if cannot, I would refer to further ADR options as identified in the Contract. Example: BMW Crewe FA - negotiate all items but those cannot agree in principle, discuss with Client to understand their position and negotiate overall cost and bottom line to meet an amenable FA for all.

Answer 208

Variations Instructions Adjustment of approx quant Suspension for non-payment by E default/ impediment caused by E

Answer 209

Although I have not undertaken a project where dayworks have been accepted, I understand that... Dayworks are the prime cost of materials, labour and plant used to carry out works, along with % additions listed in contract. The daywork schedules are provided and signed off by the CA/EA and cannot be adjusted by the QS once approved.

Answer 210

C must notify the CA as soon as it becomes apparent that L/E may be incurred - in writing. C should submit any further information requested to support this along with value. QS should then review this to confirm the value is the actual loss incurred.

Answer 211

Prolongation Additional preliminaries Disruption Overheards loss of profit claim preparation costs

Answer 212

I would review the drawings to confirm the construction. Referto NRM1 for build up On a residential scheme, the basement was piled and so; Excavation & disposal Piles to wall Prep of excavated surface Waterproofing Blinding Formwork Concrete to walls and slab Reinforcement Finishes

Answer 213

I would assume the volume to be the same as that excavated, unless the drawing identified any backfill areas.

Answer 214

Substructure - below DPC Superstructure - above DPC

Answer 215

Collect and record data to assist the design and construction of a project. Includes: Existing trees, existing services, ground water conditions, soil investigations, trial pits

Answer 216

Access, temporary services, storage, plant, fencing and hoarding, health and safety risks

Answer 217

Temporary works structure to assist working at height due to H&S

Answer 218

Series of columns inserted into the ground to transmit the load to a lower level of subsoil Used where high water table/poor ground

Answer 219

Structures built for the main construction works to commence. May be required as a result of health and safety I.e. scaffold Example: Construction of a retaining wall left steep banking. PD advised that weights should be added to the fencing to prevent falling into excavation as on school grounds - H&S risk.

Answer 220

Temporary support given to existing buildings to avoid collapse.

Answer 221

Used for site investigations, especially where deep foundations required

Answer 222

A structure used to retain soils.

Answer 223

Quicker to construct, recyclable, not vulnerable to termites, consistent quality, strict QM controls, non-combustible, cheaper foundation solution. Fire protection to be added retrospectively Steel price fluctuates so less certainty Require skilled labour to install

Answer 224

Fire protection is part of the structure, lower maintenance requirements, good sound and heat properties, cost certainty as fluctuates less More time consuming to install, more expensive, heavier so requires larger foundations = cost increase

Answer 225

On a recent job, a bauder solution was reviewed which included Ceiling Joists deck Air and Vapour control layer Insulation Underlayer Cap sheet

Answer 226

Warm = insulation above the joists Cold = Insulation between the joists Recent flat roof = cold roof construction

Answer 227

Beams Columns Purlins Rafters Eaves Base Plate Cladding rails Cross bracing Fixings Beam = flange, web root

Answer 228

Coloured coating applied on metals Should be carried out after any holes/cutting to coat entire surface more durable than paint

Answer 229

Rectangular Hollow Section Square Hollow Section

Answer 230

Fire protective paint often used to protect steel. Stops oxygen reaching material. Should be applied in factory

Answer 231

Temporary works to hold fresh in-situ concrete until it hardens/sets.

Answer 232

I would advise the Client that LAD's must be a genuine pre-estimate of loss and to provide further information to support this figure. I would note that this figure must be supported and should not be included unless could be justified during ADR proceedings.

Answer 233

Under JCT D&B/ICD : Non-completion certificate Notice to state they will be deducting/ withholding damages Under MWD: Notice to state they will be deducting/ withholding damages

Answer 234

Time at large is where there is no set completion date. The contractor does not have to proceed within a reasonable time as no date set. Damages cannot be claimed as there is no date to deduct from E must prove C did not complete in a reasonable time

Answer 235

- extending working hours - sequence of works - increase resources - incentives Obtain quote from C for E approval Cost to provide quote must be paid if quote rejected

Answer 236

PC is not defined within the JCT Contracts however I understand this is the CA/EA's responsibility to define and so I view PC as: When the works are substantially complete except for minor snags and outstanding works. E must be able to occupy the building

Answer 237

Half of the retention is released E cannot deduct LAD's beyond this date E insures the building and takes possession Rectification period begins

Answer 238

The extent of the area of the works to be taken, the date, consent from the contractor.

Answer 239

Sectional completion is the pre-agreed contractual right for the Employer to take possession of the pre-agreed area/works. Early/partial possession relies on the contractors consent.

Answer 240

Rights and benefits of one party transferred to another

Answer 241

That novation removes the right to take action if the party for a breach and so a collateral warranty should be put in place.

Answer 242

Guarantee from a surety (bank) to ensure the contractual obligations will be fulfilled. Does not guarantee completion, but will provide monies of a certain value for E to complete (usually 10% of contract sum)

Answer 243

Guarantee from the corporate group, of which the C is part of, will fulfill obligations or pay the financial equivalent.

Answer 244

Have not experienced this but... Initially discuss with C to identify issue and try resolve Failing this, Review contract mechanisms - Refer to section 8 - termination. Issue a notice to identify failure Follow contract mechanisms to terminate contract Seek legal advise If relevant, Call on the bond / parent company guarantee

Answer 245

On-demand - E can call upon the bond without having to satisfy / review conditions to demonstrate default Conditional - E must meet conditions that set out the evidence of default

Answer 246

Transfer of a defined risk to an insurance company in exchange for a premium

Answer 247

Where an early start on site is required Instruct initial works Where discussing main contract

Answer 248

Act of obtaining goods/services

Answer 249

Preliminaries OHP % Schedule of rates to proceed with when agreeing overall cost Price for design development CP's

Answer 250

Contractors response to ER's Key document to review Plans/ details

Answer 251

Have not used one however understand; - contract particulars - company turnover - relevant experience / references - organisational structure - H&S - Quality Management processes - Provision on bonds/ insurances/warranties

Answer 252

It would be determined based on the complexity, size and procurement process. For example, a simple scheme may only require 2-3 weeks In order to obtain accurate tenders, a longer period may be required for a D&B complex project. Pannal - D&B, two schemes under one contract so complex phasing etc. Offered 6 week period with 1 week extension

Answer 253

Building Management System BMS are computer based systems used to control and monitor building services Can optimise buildings performance, give better control, gather data, report, improve safety

Answer 254

Value Engineering = process of removing cost without impacting function Value Management = Process of maximising value by defining scope and requirements at early stages

Answer 255

The most important ones include professional statements, code of practice and guidance notes. The professional statements are mandatory, code of practices may sometimes be mandatory and is defined on the document whether as guidance notes highlight best practice.

Answer 256

Surety product that protects money been provided to the contractor, by the employer

Answer 257

Process of E providing money upfront to the Contractor prior to receiving the goods/ services under the contract.

Answer 258

I would ensure to obtain multiple quotations for the packages to ensure the costs are competitive and represent the current market.

Answer 259

Runoff cover is the professional indemnity cover for employees that no longer work for the firm - as a minimum of 6 years.

Answer 260

The process of collecting/ comparing data to identify the best in class

Answer 261

Fluctuation provisions Option A: Contribution, levy and tax i.e. tax on imported goods Option B: Fluctuations in labour and material costs i.e. adjustments to costs at base date Option C: Adjustment using the JCT Formula rules