my q's

Question 1

A bit on Cox inhibitiors

Answer 1

• certain medicines either select COX 1 or 2 enzymes
• COX 1 can cause more side effects
• new generation meds are typically COX 2 (less side effects)
• COX 1 is continuously expressed and products mediators such as PGE2 and PGI2
• COX 2 is an inducible enzyme (only expressed under certain conditions)

Question 2

LOX enzymes

Answer 2

LOX (lipoxygenase) enzymes are other non-steroidal enzymes that can be activated.

Some drugs such as tepoxalin can active both COX and LOX enzymes

Question 3

The use of NSAIDS

Answer 3

• analgesia (trauma/arthritis/desexing)
• anti-inflammatory
• antipyretic

Question 4

SIDE EFFECTS : GI

Answer 4

• can be worsened if used with steroids, dehydrated or in shock
• side effects include: GI erosion from increased acidity, GI ulceration, GI haemorrhage

Question 5

SIDE EFFECTS : KIDNEY

Answer 5

• Typically don’t use postoperatively due to renal toxicity

side effects include: water retention and interstitial papillary necrosis (reduced blood flow)

Question 6

SIDE EFFECTS : BLOOD SYSTEM

Answer 6

• COX 1 can increase bleeding time, whereas COX 2 doesnt
• scotties and dobermans are more susceptible to longer bleeding time so be careful
• side effects: effects on platelet functioning and abnormal bleeding
• don’t give NSAIDs before surgery

Question 7

SIDE EFFECTS: LIVER

Answer 7

• carprofen: DON’T USE IN DOGS will lead to liver toxicity, liver failure
• paracetamol: DONT USE IN CATS will cause oedema in face, anaemia and destruction of blood cells
• phenylbutazone: production animals ONLY

Question 8

SIDE EFFECTS: BONE & CARTILAGE

Answer 8

• decreases growth of cartilage if used in young patients

- proteoglycan synthesis in old patients

Question 9

ways to prevent side effects

Answer 9

can be alleviated (hopefully not get side effects) by:

• using other drugs such as H2 blockers (rantidine)
• used with drugs that are proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole)
• drugs that are also COX 2 inhibitors

Question 10

administration

Answer 10

quite prolonged DOA, therefore only given once a day.

they have good absorption in the small intestines and stomach, therefore can work longer than expected

renal elimination is the route of removing