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My grade is suffering Flashcards

1
Q

In general, describe what happens during photosynthesis.

A

CO2 and H2o combine with energy from sunlight and are converted to O2 and glucose.

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2
Q

What are the reactants in photosynthesis?

A

CO2 and water (energy)

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3
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

O2 and glucose

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4
Q

Where in the cell does photosynthesis occur?

A

Chloroplast

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5
Q

In general, describe what happens during cellular respiration.

A

Glucose with O2 is broken down into O2, H2O, and ATP

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6
Q

What are the reactants in cellular respiration?

A

Glucose and O2

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7
Q

What are the products of cellular respiration?

A

CO2, H2O, and ATP

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8
Q

Which reaction in anabolic?

A

Photosynthesis

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9
Q

Which reaction is catabolic?

A

Cellular respiration

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10
Q

Which reaction is exergonic?

A

Cellular respiration

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11
Q

Which reaction is endergonic?

A

Photosynthesis

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12
Q

What is the summary equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 yields 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

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13
Q

Most commonly, glucose is represented as the molecule broken down in the respiration equation. Does this mean that glucose is the only source of energy in cellular respiration?

A

No; carbohydrates are consumed and broken down through digestion to glucose; lipids and proteins can be broken down into intermediates of cellular respiration.

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14
Q

Define oxidation.

A

The loss of electrons

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15
Q

Define reduction

A

The gaining of electrons

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16
Q

Cellular respiration is described as a stepwise redox reaction. Which substance is oxidized?

A

Glucose

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17
Q

Cellular respiration is described as a stepwise redox reaction. Which substance is reduced?

A

O2

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18
Q

What happens to the amount of potential energy of electrons as they shift from carbon and hydrogen toward oxygen in cellular respiration?

A

Potential energy decreases because some is released

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19
Q

How is the energy used?

A

To make ADP

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20
Q

WHat is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

A

To accept e- that are pulled from organic molecules

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21
Q

WHat is the role of hydrogenases in cellular respiration?

A

To strip the H atoms from glucose and other intermediates throughout cellular respiration

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22
Q

What produces ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP?

A

Substrate-level phosphorylation and Oxidative phosphorylation

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23
Q

What involves the direct transfer of a phosphate from an intermediate to ADP?

A

Substrate-level phosphorylation

24
Q

What couples the addition of a phosphate to ADP with the exergonic slide of electrons down the electron transport chain?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

25
Which has oxygen that is used as the terminal electron acceptor
Oxidative phosphorylation
26
What accounts for 90 percent of ATP production in aerobic respiration
Oxidative phosphorylation
27
During what phase are 2 glyceraldehyde phosphates oxidized?
Energy-yielding
28
During what phase are 2 NAD+ reduced to 2 NADH?
Energy-yielding
29
During what phase does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?
Energy-yielding
30
During what phase does 4 ADP + 4 P yield 4 ATP?
Energy-yielding
31
During what phase are 2 ATP molecules used?
Energy-investment
32
During what phase are glucose and intermediate compounds phosphorylated?
Energy-investment
33
During what phase is Fructose 1,6-Diphosphate split into two 3-c compounds?
Energy-Yielding
34
Where do Acetyl CoA prep and Kreb's occur?
Mitochondria Matrix
35
How many NADH are produced per glucose?
8
36
How many CO2 are produced per glucose?
6
37
How many ATP are produced per glucose?
2
38
How many FADH2 are produced per glucose?
2
39
As electrons are transported through the electron transport chain to oxygen, they lose potential energy. This energy is used to do what work?
To regenerate its supply of ATP
40
The electrons from 1 NADH results in the production of 3 ATP molecules whereas the electrons from 1 FAD2 results in the production of 2 ATP molecules. Why is there a difference?
Because the FADH2 enters the Electron Transport Chain further down the ETC, it has less Potential Energy
41
How many oxygen molecules are consumed in the complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water in aerobic respiration?
6
42
Substrate level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of ATP formed by the electron transport chain?
0%
43
Substrate level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis?
100%
44
What and how many of each are the energy containing products of glycolysis?
2 NADH, 2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP
45
For each molecule of glucose consumed in glycolysis, there is a net consumption of how many NAD+ and ADP?
2 NAD+ and 2 ADP
46
In the complete reactions of aerobic respiration, the energy for the majority of ATP synthesis is provided by a ____ gradient across a membrane.
Proton
47
During aerobic respiration, ____ directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level.
FADH2
48
What pathways do most electrons follow inside an active mitochondria?
Kreb's, NADH, ETC, Oxygen
49
In chemiosmosis (oxidative phosphorylation) what is the most direct sourse of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP?
Energy released from movement of protons down their proton gradient through ATP synthase
50
Which metabolic pathway requires a proton gradient?
Oxidative phosphorylation
51
Which metabolic pathway generates a proton gradient?
Electron transport chain
52
What generates the ATP made during fermentation?
Substrate-level phosphorylation
53
If pyruvate oxidation is blocked, what will happen to the levels of oxaloacetate and citrate in the citric acid cycle?
The levels of oxaloacetate will increase due to accumulation whereas the levels of citrate will decrease
54
Most CO2 from catabolism of glucose is released during the ___ cycle.
Citric acid cycle (KREB'S!!!)
55
The ATP produced in the citric acid cycle is generated by ________.
Substrate level phosphorylation

Bio lol crying (3 decks)

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