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PHILOSOPHY-Q1-EXAM REVIEWER > My body > Flashcards

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1
Q

Mistakes in reasoning that occur because the premises, though logically relevant to the conclusion, fail to provide sufficient evidence to support the conclusion

A

Fallacies of insufficient evidence

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2
Q

Some of the rationalists

A

René Descartes
Baruch Spinoza
Gottfried Leibniz

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3
Q

A form of preliminary judging

A

Opinion

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4
Q

In order to seek out reality, man must attain full enlightenment; only humans can have the rational quality to become a buddha or the enlightened one

A

Buddhism

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5
Q

Opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response

A

Rationalism

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6
Q

When an arguer threatens harm to a reader or listener and this threat is irrelevant to the truth of the arguer’s conclusion

A

Scare Tactics

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7
Q

A conscious acceptance of a claim without subjective or objective grounds/foundation

A

Opinion

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8
Q

Among three, it is the most problematic

A

Opinion

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9
Q

Assuming that what is true of a part is true for the whole

A

Fallacy of Composition

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10
Q

The will

A

Universally good

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11
Q

Conscious acceptance of a claim on the basis of a subjective ground but without any objective ground

A

Belief

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12
Q

A clear understanding or awareness of something

A

Knowledge

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13
Q

Is a word we all understand, but if we try to explain it we can easily get involved in a maze of confusion

A

True

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14
Q

A science devoted to the discovery of proper method of acquiring and validating knowledge

A

Epistemology

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15
Q

Providing arguments

A

Inference

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16
Q

He believe that humanity cannot dictate future events because thought of the past are limited, compared to the possibilities for the future

A

David Hume

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17
Q

Usually stated as short statement

A

Proposition

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18
Q

Believes that the world was created by God, who controls all in this best and most rational of all possible worlds

A

Gottfried Leibniz

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19
Q

Some of the empiricists

A

John Locke, George Berkley, and David Hume

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20
Q

It is where our knowledge begins

A

Perceptual knowledge

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21
Q

Why was the information given? Is the gust of the information to convince or persuade?

A

Purpose

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22
Q

The goal of thinking

A

To know the ultimate truth

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23
Q

Three types of will

A

Conscience
Moral decisions
Action

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24
Q

Has various views that which can help us tackle concept of knowing the truth

A

Philosophy

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25
Add to our decision making
Conscience
26
Types of physical faculties
External Internal
27
The human person has two powers of the mind
The intellect The will
28
He stated that "true" is a word we all understand, but if we try to explain it, we can easily get involved in a maze of confusion
Frank Ramsey
29
She stated that epistemology is a science devoted to the discovery of the proper method of acquiring and validating knowedge
Ayn Rand
30
Truth is something observable and empirical
Science
31
To know is to know something (reality, existence, being)
Reality
32
We notice what is similar and there is Abstraction where we clarify things
Concept
33
When an arguer states or assumes as a premise (reason) the very thing he is speaking to probe as a conclusion
Begging the Question
34
Conscious judgement in the basis of both subjective and objective ground
Knowledge
35
He stated that human person has three ways of taking-something-to-be-true
Immanuel Kent
36
Free from coercion
Action
37
A judgement, viewpoint, or statement that is considered to be subjective
Opinion
38
Only capable of higher order thinking by relying on the types of sense
Human person
39
Tabula Rasa
A blank slate
40
Two types of senses
Physical Faculties Spiritual Faculties
41
Enlightened one
Buddha
42
He believed that knowledge was founded in empirical observation and experience
John Locke
43
An argument that contains a mistake in reasoning
Logical fallacy
44
Considered as the central figure of modern philosophy
Immanuel Kant
45
Assess how long the person has spent studying the topic and how wide his/her experience is in relation to the topic
Reliability
46
What should you consider in evaluating source
Reputation Audience whom it was intended for Whether authentic documents were provided as proof
47
In order to know whether the claim is true or false, it must undergo in the process of
Verification
48
Is our contact to reality through senses
Perception
49
It is formed based on the person's understanding, feelings, or desires about matters, topic, issues, or concerns
Opinion
50
Taking-something-to-be-true
Fürwahrhalten
51
When an arguer rejects a person's argument or claim by attacking the person's character rather than examining the worth of the argument or claim itself
Personal Attack
52
Based on experience
Knoweldge
53
Statement about the world and reality that may or may not carry truth
Proposition
54
He believed that "causes and effects are discoverable not by reason, but by experience"
David Hume
55
Two types of fallacies
Fallacies of relevance Fallacies of insufficient evidence
56
How do we know if something is true
Systematic doubt analysis
57
Claims that required further examinations to establish whether it is true or false
Statement
58
Knowledge acquired through experiences derived from the senses
Empiricism
59
"Cogito ergo sum" that means I think therefore I am or I am thinking, therefore I exist
Baruch Spinoza
60
Esse est percipi
To be is to be perceived
61
Believes that material things do not exist, and all reality exists as perceptions within the minds of spirits
George Berkley
62
Argues that, at birth, the mind is tabula rasa
John Locke
63
When an arguer attempts to evoke feelings of pity or compassion, where such feelings, however understandable, are not relevant to the truth of the arguer's conclusion
Appeal to Pity
64
Are mistakes in reasoning that occur because the premises are logically irrelevant to the conclusion
Fallacies of relevance
65
A judgement that a cognition which is presented is true
Fürwahrhalten
66
Four characteristics of the ultimate truth
Reside in the intellect It is immutable It is absolute It is eternal
67
The mind as its locus and thinking, its central activity
Spiritual faculties
68
Scientifically proven or proposition which are observed to be real
Facts
69
What are the methods of philosophizing
- distinguish opinion from truth - analyze situations which show the difference between opinion and truth - realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth - do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic perspective - evaluate opinions
70
Comprised of ideas and beliefs that we know to be true
Knowledge
71
Steps to evaluate opinion
Source Reliability Purpose Bias Assumption
72
He has a principle of "esse is percipti", to be is to be perceived
George Berkley
73
Choose freely
Moral decisions
74
Thinking and reasoning, making wise decisions, and pursue truths of a higher order
The intellect
75
Difficult to singularly define and in philosophy, there is no general acceptable definition of it
Truth
76
Assuming that what is true for the whole is true for its part
Fallacy of Division
77
They stated that human person has two powers of the mind
René Descartes and St. Thomas Aquinas
78
The intellect
Universally true
79
By thinking with use of our mind
Rationalist
80
Assuming a cause and effect relationship between a related events
Cause-and-effect
81
Does the author give partiality, preference, or prejudice for or against an idea/subject matter?
Bias
82
An idea or principle that a person accepts are true but makes no effort to prove or substantiate it
Assumption
83
Statement that expresses assertion or a denial
Proposition
84
Cogito Ergo Sum
I think therefore I am or I am thinking, therefore I exist
85
Group of statements - one or two premises and a conclusion
Arguments
86
Believe that god is not the creator of the world, but the world is part of god
René Descartes
87
Three ways of Fürwahrhalten
Opinion Knowledge Belief
88
Emphasize belief as a basis for determining truth
Philosophers
89
What are the processes of acquiring knowledge
Reality Perception Concept Proposition Inference

PHILOSOPHY-Q1-EXAM REVIEWER (4 decks)

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