Mutations, Alleles, & Traits Flashcards
set of genetic alleles in an organism
genotype
mutations that add or remove at least one DNA base
Insertion & Deletions (INDELS)
mutations that change the identity of the DNA base
Point Mutations
A ____ is a DNA sequence that encodes a specific RNA molecule.
gene
mutations that have no effect on an organisms’ ability to survive and reproduce
Neutral Mutations
two copies are required to cause a phenotype
Recessive Allele
Chromosomal rearrangements arise from damage to the ___ ________.
DNA backbone
All alleles originate from _________.
mutations
a single copy is sufficient to cause a phenotype
Dominant Allele
two identical alleles of a gene
homozygous
mutations that decrease an organisms’ ability to survive and reproduce
Negative Mutations
_____ are encoded by genes.
Traits
different versions of the same gene
Allele
physical trait encoded by genetics
phenotype
any change in the DNA sequence of genes or other DNA sequences
Genetic Mutations
two different alleles of a gene
heterozygous
Neutral, Negative, and Positive Mutations are NOT determined by the impact of the mutation on _______ _______.
protein function
mutations that change, add, or remove DNA sequences for a few bases
Small Mutations
Alleles are 2 versions of the same gene that are found at the same _______ ______.
genetic locus
mutations that cause large DNA sequences to be copied, deleted, or rearranged
Chromosomal Mutations
mutations that increase an organisms’ ability to survive and reproduce
Positive Mutations
environmental agents that cause DNA damage
Mutagens
