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BIO > Genes & DNA > Flashcards

Genes & DNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the number of sets of chromosomes (or copies of the genome) that a cell contains

A

Ploidy

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2
Q

________ store their genome in multiple linear chromosomes.

A

Eukaryotes

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3
Q

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

A

nucleotides

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4
Q

2 sets of chromosomes

A

diploid

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5
Q

mutations that affect only the individual in which they occur

A

Somatic

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6
Q

1 set of chromosomes

A

haploid

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7
Q

What are the polymers of nucleic acids?

A

DNA & RNA

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8
Q

Translation is carried out by ____ and the _______, which is made by RNA and proteins.

A

tRNA’s; ribosome

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9
Q

large double stranded DNA molecules with a unique DNA sequence

A

Chromosome

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10
Q

Adenine binds to…

A

thymine

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11
Q

a specific location on a chromosome

A

Genetic locus

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12
Q

A gene ALWAYS encodes…

A

RNA

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13
Q

DNA strands are made by…

A

joining nucleotides together

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14
Q

________ store their genome in a singular circular chromosome.

A

Prokaryotes

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15
Q

the DNA sequence of a gene is read as a template to create a new RNA molecule

A

Transcription

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16
Q

a DNA sequence that encodes an RNA molecule and sometimes a protein sequence

A

Gene

17
Q

Any mutation that has no effect on the organism is considered…

A

neutral

18
Q

2 sister chromatids with condensed DNA joined at a centromere

A

Mitotic chromosomes

19
Q

A gene SOMETIMES encodes…

A

proteins

20
Q

Guanine binds to…

A

cytosine

21
Q

a singular chromosome condensed for mitosis

A

Chromatid

22
Q

If an individual is _______ for a certain allele, it means that the individual received the same allele from each parent.

A

homozygous

23
Q

Gene expression involves…

A

ribosomes, translation, protein synthesis

24
Q

New DNA and RNA molecules are synthesized…

A

5’ to 3’

25
Q

all of the genetic information (DNA base pairs) that an organism has

A

Genome

26
Q

the substitution of one base pair for another in double-stranded DNA

A

Point Mutation

27
Q

2 copies of the same chromosome

A

Sister chromatids

28
Q

Transcription is carried out by a protein complex called…

A

RNA polymerase

29
Q

a specific version of a gene

A

Allele

30
Q

Cells always have an equal proportion of _____ and ______.

A

purines; pyrimidines

31
Q

The ______ _____ is formed by 2 strands of DNA.

A

double helix

32
Q

mutations that are passed from parent to offspring

A

Germ-line

33
Q

a method to visualize chromosomes’ number and ploidy

A

Karyotypes

34
Q

the sequence of a gene is read to create a protein with a specific amino acid sequence

A

translation

35
Q

the flow of genetic information from genes to RNA to proteins

A

Gene Expression

36
Q

Information is always read….

A

3’ to 5’

BIO (5 decks)

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