Mutations

Question 1

What is dysplasia?

Answer 1

loss of differentiation but can be reversible

Question 2

Carcinomas are derived from ____ cells.

Answer 2

epi

Question 3

50-60% of what CA has a RAS mutation? 90%?

Answer 3

colon CA; pancreatic CA

Question 4

What does -imab mean?

Answer 4

monoclonal Ab

Question 5

What is anaplasia?

Answer 5

complete loss of differentiation –> no characteristic of their origin

Question 6

What is metaplasia?

Answer 6

change in cell differentiation

Question 7

What is the BCR-ABL translocation? What does it cause? What is the tx?

Answer 7

Wchromosomes 9-22 CML Imatinib (Gleevac)

Question 8

What is hyperplasia?

Answer 8

increased # of cells; benign tumor

Question 9

Describe the steps in the MAP kinase pathway.

Answer 9

factor binding to the RTK (EGFR) –> auto- and cross-phosphorylates –> activates GRB and SOS –> activates RAS –> activates RAF –> activates MEK (MAPK/ERK) –> changes transcription

Question 10

The MAP kinase pathway is ______ dependent.

Answer 10

growth factor

Question 11

What are the 6 hallmarks of all cancer cells?

Answer 11

evade apoptosis self-sufficiency in growth signals insensitivity to anti-growth signals sustained angiogenesis tissue invasion and metastasis limitless replicative potential

Question 12

What does -inib mean?

Answer 12

a small inhibitor

Question 13

Name 2 inhibitors of EGFR.

Answer 13

1. cetuximab (a monoclonal AB) 2. Erlotinib (a TKI)

Question 14

What does -blast mean?

Answer 14

embryonic

Question 15

Sarcomas are derived from _____ cells.

Answer 15

mesenchymal (CT)