Mutations

Question 1

What is a gene mutation?

Answer 1

A change to the original DNA sequence

Gene mutations can cause cancer, diseases, terminal problems, or improve the genetic code.

Question 2

How can mutations be passed down?

Answer 2

They can be carried by the organism affected or passed down to offspring

This means that mutations can affect future generations.

Question 3

What are some causes of mutations?

Answer 3

Radiation, Chemicals, High Temperatures, or spontaneous occurrences over time

These factors can lead to changes in the DNA sequence.

Question 4

What is a Deletion mutation?

Answer 4

A mutation in which a base gets lost or deleted

This type of mutation can affect the overall genetic sequence.

Question 5

What is an Insertion mutation?

Answer 5

A mutation in which an extra base gets added or inserted

This can also alter the genetic sequence.

Question 6

What is a Frameshift Mutation?

Answer 6

A mutation caused by Deletion or Insertion that shifts the codons

This leads to incorrect amino acid sequencing.

Question 7

What is a Substitution mutation?

Answer 7

A mutation in which a base gets substituted for another

This can lead to various types of mutations affecting the protein produced.

Question 8

What is a Silent Mutation?

Answer 8

A mutation that results in the same amino acid with no change

This means the protein function remains unaffected.

Question 9

What is a Missense Mutation?

Answer 9

A mutation that changes one codon or amino acid

This can potentially alter the function of the resulting protein.

Question 10

What is a Nonsense Mutation?

Answer 10

A mutation that changes an amino acid to a ‘stop’ codon

This leads to premature termination of protein synthesis.