Mutations Flashcards
What is a mutation?
a random change in DNA that alters the sequence of bases
What is a Genome?
the entire set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism
What does Degenerate mean?
several codons code for one amino acid
What is the coding strand?
DNA copy of the mRNA stand that is built on the template strand below
What is the template strand?
Where the mRNA is constructed
What is a Substitution?
a substitute base replaces one base with another, the number of bases stay the same, after the substitution all other codons are the same, no Frameshift
What is an Insertion or Deletion?
mutation that adds or takes away bases, the number of bases increases or decreases, Frameshift occurs
How can a mutation affect a protein?
A change in primary structure of the protein could have knock on effects to the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein
The R groups will be different so the ionic and covalent bonds will be different
Enzyme: the active site could change shape which mean it could no longer form E-S complexes
What is a Mutagenic agent?
A mutagen is a chemical or physical agent that has the ability to change our genetic code in a harmful way
What is Ocgenes and what can it result in?
if a series of survivable mutations occur in the same cell in certain genes, results in cells that are able to divide without control and evade the immune system, cancer
