mutations

Question 1

what is meant by a mutation ?

Answer 1

when there is a change in the base sequence of DNA

Question 2

what is meant by a chromosome mutation ?

Answer 2

when there is a change in the structure/ number of chromosomes

Question 3

when can mutation sin the number of chromosomes arise ? and how ?

Answer 3

they can arise spontaneously by chromosome non-disjunction

Question 4

when does chromosome non-disjunction occur ?

Answer 4

during meiosis

Question 5

what is non-disjunction ?

Answer 5

non-disjunction is when the chromosomes or chromatids do not split equally during anaphase
so the resulting gamete will not have the correct number or chromosomes

Question 6

what are the 2 forms that non-disjunction can occur in ?
( what are the 2 possible effects )

Answer 6

1. changes in the whole sets of chromosomes
2. changes in the number of individual chromosomes

Question 7

what is the name for changes in the whole sets of chromosomes ?

Answer 7

polyploidy

Question 8

what is the name for changes in the number of individual chromosomes ?

Answer 8

aneuploidy

Question 9

when do changes in whole sets of chromosomes occur ?

Answer 9

they occur when organisms have 3 or more sets of chromosomes rather than the usual 2

Question 10

in what organisms does polyploidy mainly occur in ?

Answer 10

plants