Mutations Flashcards
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in a persons DNA
What are the two types of mutations?
Gene mutation & chromosome mutation
What are mutagenic agents?
Mutagenic agents can speed up the rate of mutations
Why does a gene mutation occur?
Gene mutations occur because of a change in the order of bases in the gene
What are the 3 gene mutations?
Insertion, deletion or substitution
What are the 3 substitution mutations?
Missense, nonsense, splice site
What is a missense mutation?
Replacing one amino acid codon with another
What is a nonsense mutation?
Replacing an amino acid codon with a stop codon
What is a splice site mutation?
Creating or destroying the codons for exon/intron splicing
What are the two frames gift mutations?
Insertion and deletion
What does an insertion mutation do?
Adds a nucleotide to the strand
What does a deletion mutation do?
Takes out a nucleotide from a strand
What are the 4 chromosome mutations?
Deletion, duplication, translocation and inversion
What is a deletion mutation?
Loss of a section of the chromosome
What is a duplication mutation?
Repeating a segment of the chromosome
