Mutations

Question 1

What do mutations do?

Answer 1

Change the quantity of the base sequence of amino acids

Question 2

When do mutations occur?

Answer 2

During the formation of gametes

Question 3

Where do mutations occur?

Answer 3

In gametes, chromosomes and somatic cells

Question 4

What is a gene mutation?

Answer 4

A mutation which only affects one gene

Question 5

Name the types of gene mutations

Answer 5

Insertion
Deletion
Substitution

Question 6

What is insertion (gene mutation)?

Answer 6

An event in which 1 or more nucleotides are added with a DNA sequence for a gene

Question 7

What is deletion (gene mutation)?

Answer 7

An event in which 1 or more nucleotides are removed with a DNA sequence for a gene

Question 8

What is substitution (gene mutation)?

Answer 8

A nucleotide is replaced with a different nucleotide

Question 9

What is a chromosomal mutation?

Answer 9

Variations in the number of whole or part of chromosomes

Question 10

What causes chromosomal mutations?

Answer 10

Errors during meiosis

Question 11

Name the types of chromosomal mutations

Answer 11

Deletion
Amplification
Inversion
Insertion
Translocation
Non-disjunction

Question 12

What is deletion (chromosome mutations)?

Answer 12

When a piece of the chromosome is deleted

Question 13

What is amplification (chromosome mutations)?

Answer 13

When a large piece of the chromosome is repeated, which causes copies of genes

Question 14

What is inversion (chromosome mutations)?

Answer 14

When 1 or more nucleotides are removed and flipped before being reinserted

Question 15

What is insertion (chromosome mutations)?

Answer 15

When a piece of a chromosome is removed and inserted into a different chromosome

Question 16

What is translocation (chromosome mutations)?

Answer 16

When 2 pieces of different chromosomes are interchanged

Question 17

What is non-disjunction (chromosome mutations)?

Answer 17

When homologous pairs of chromosomes don’t separate and both go to the same daughter cell

Question 18

What are mutagenic agents?

Answer 18

Agents that speed up the rate of mutations

Question 19

Name mutagenic agents

Answer 19

UV radiation
Ionising radiation
Chemicals
Viruses

Question 20

Name the three types of mutation

Answer 20

Beneficial mutation
Harmful mutation
Neutral mutation

Question 21

What does a beneficial mutation do?

Answer 21

Increases an organisms fitness

Question 22

What does a harmful mutation do?

Answer 22

Decreases an organisms fitness

Question 23

What does a neutral mutation do?

Answer 23

Has no affect on the organisms fitness