Mutations Flashcards
What do mutations do?
Change the quantity of the base sequence of amino acids
When do mutations occur?
During the formation of gametes
Where do mutations occur?
In gametes, chromosomes and somatic cells
What is a gene mutation?
A mutation which only affects one gene
Name the types of gene mutations
Insertion
Deletion
Substitution
What is insertion (gene mutation)?
An event in which 1 or more nucleotides are added with a DNA sequence for a gene
What is deletion (gene mutation)?
An event in which 1 or more nucleotides are removed with a DNA sequence for a gene
What is substitution (gene mutation)?
A nucleotide is replaced with a different nucleotide
What is a chromosomal mutation?
Variations in the number of whole or part of chromosomes
What causes chromosomal mutations?
Errors during meiosis
Name the types of chromosomal mutations
Deletion
Amplification
Inversion
Insertion
Translocation
Non-disjunction
What is deletion (chromosome mutations)?
When a piece of the chromosome is deleted
What is amplification (chromosome mutations)?
When a large piece of the chromosome is repeated, which causes copies of genes
What is inversion (chromosome mutations)?
When 1 or more nucleotides are removed and flipped before being reinserted
What is insertion (chromosome mutations)?
When a piece of a chromosome is removed and inserted into a different chromosome
