Mutations Flashcards
How can the rate of mutations be increased?
By mutagenic agents such as UV and harmful chemicals
What is the triplet code for translation called?
A codon
What genes can be mutated to change the cell cycle?
The proto-oncogene
The tumour suppressor gene
What happens if a point mutation occurs in the proto-oncogene?
It stimulates excessive cell division.
What is a chromosome mutation?
A change in the structure of chromosomes.
What is trisomy 21
Down syndrome (extra chromosomes)
What is a silent point mutation?
Change to base triplet sequence but changed triplet still codes for same amino acid.
What is a missense point mutation?
Change to base triplet sequence leading to a change in amino acid sequence.
(Substitution of base)
What is a nonsense point mutation ?
Change to base triplet sequence leading to a termination triplet.
What is a insertion indel mutation?
Addition of nucleotide base pair causing frameshift.
What is a deletion indel mutation?
Removal of nucleotide base pair causing frameshift.
