mutation and variation

Question 1

what is a mutation

Answer 1

a mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence

Question 2

what causes natural mutations

Answer 2

DNA replication requires copying a huge number of base pairs and mistakes occasionally happen, leading to natural mutations.

Question 3

what are mutagens

Answer 3

Mutations occur naturally, but some factors can increase the chance of mutations occurring.

Question 4

what are some examples of mutagens

Answer 4

Radiation – such as X-rays
Chemicals – such as chemicals in tobacco and alcohol
UV light – from the sun, or in solariums

Question 5

what type of damage is caused by radiation exposure and what are some examples

Answer 5

exposure to radiation can cause cancers and birth defects.
some examples of mutation due to radiation are the hiroshima and the chernobyl meltdown

Question 6

what type of damage is caused by chemical exposure and what are some examples

Answer 6

exposure to chemicals can cause cancers and birth defects.
caused by:
tobacco/ alcohol use
thalidomide

Question 7

what type of damage is caused by UV exposure and what are some examples

Answer 7

over exposure to UV light from the sun or solariums - incresed risks of skin cancer and melanoma

Question 8

why is genetic variation important within species

Answer 8

Allows species to adapt to changes in the environment
Allows the ongoing survival of the species

Question 9

what are adaptations

Answer 9

adaptations is a characteristic or behaviour that allows a species to survive more effectively.

Question 10

what does advantageous mutations lead to

Answer 10

they lead to the creation of new species