Mutafova

Question 1

What does an increase in venous tone do the venous return?

Answer 1

Increases venous return

Question 2

temperature regulation is the principal function of the cutaneous sympathetic nerves (cold causes (blank) due to SNS stimulation; heat causes (blank) due to SNS withdrawal)

Answer 2

vasoconstriction; vasodilation

Question 3

(blank) dominates in skeletal muscle at rest

Answer 3

Vasoconstriction

Question 4

What does high CO2 in the brain cause?

Answer 4

Vasodilation

Question 5

What does low CO2 in the brain cause?

Answer 5

Vasoconstriction

Question 6

What metabolite is cerebral circulation highly dependent on?

Answer 6

CO2

Question 7

Three areas where sympathetic innervation is highest in regards to regulating blood flow

Answer 7

1. skin
2. muscle
3. kidney

Question 8

What is total peripheral resistance?

Answer 8

The total resistance to blood flow from the aorta back to the right atrium

Question 9

What is the relationship between blood flow, mean arterial pressure, and resistance?

Answer 9

Q = MAP/R

Blood flow will increase with increased MAP
Blood flow will decrease with decreased R

Question 10

What two variables determine MAP?

Answer 10

MAP = CO * TPR

Question 11

During inspiration, what happens to cardiac output?

Answer 11

It is increased. More negative intrapleural pressure = greater flow to IVC

Question 12

What happens upon standing?

Answer 12

Blood pools in lower extremities.
Pushes fluid into interstitium.
Decreased blood volume and venous return.
Sensed by baroreceptors.
Increase sympathetic activity to heart and blood vessels.
Venoconstriction, increased CO, increased contractility, increased HR

Question 13

What happens during hemorrhage?

Answer 13

Decreased blood volume sensed by baroreceptors.
Increased sympathetic out flow to heart and blood vessels.
In the heart, increased HR and contractility.
In the blood vessels, vasoconstriction and increased total peripheral resistance.

Question 14

What system is involved in a prolonged response to mild hemorrhage?

Answer 14

RAAS system

Question 15

What is stroke volume dependent on? (two variables)

Answer 15

EDV - ESV

Question 16

(blank) is always decreased during exercise, while (blank) is always increased.

Answer 16

TPR; CO

Question 17

What increases blood flow to exercising muscles?

Answer 17

metabolic vasodilatation

Question 18

How is blood pressure maintained with all of the vasodilatation that occurs during exercise?

Answer 18

Vasoconstriction in non-exercising muscles

Question 19

Areas that exhibit active hyperemia?

Answer 19

Brain, heart, skeletal muscle

Question 20

Areas that exhibit reactive hyperemia?

Answer 20

Heart and skeletal muscle (also brain)

Question 21

In which organs is sympathetic innervation most important?

Answer 21

Skin > skeletal muscle&raquo_space;> brain and heart

Question 22

Is blood flow to the brain controlled by intrinsic or extrinsic factors?

Answer 22

INTRINSIC.

CO2 is the main metabolite that affects flow.

Question 23

Is blood flow to the skeletal muscles controlled by intrinsic or extrinsic factors?

Answer 23

Both! At rest, extrinsic sympathetic innervation.

During exercise, metabolic factors cause vasodilatation.

Question 24

Is blood flow to the heart controlled by intrinsic or extrinsic factors?

Answer 24

Intrinsic! Mostly metabolites like adenosine and O2.

Question 25

Is the skin controlled by extrinsic or intrinsic factors?

Answer 25

Extrinsic: namely sympathetic innervation and temperature.