MUST KNOW FOR EXAM Flashcards
1
Q
What is the difference between Iroquois and the Algonquian?
A
Algonquian:
- Hunters and gatherers
- Nomadic
- Men were in charge
- Huge land in central Quebec
- Had transport
Iroquoian:
- Farmers
- Sedentary
- Women were in charge
- Lived in south Quebec
- Used canoes
- Had tools
2
Q
How did they teach the kids?
A
- Young first nations were taught using myths to explain the origins of the world, culture and knowledge were taught orally.
- Elders: taught public speaking. They had moral authority, they transmitted values, beliefs and culture to future generations
3
Q
What did the chiefs do?
A
Algonquins and Iroquois were led by chiefs
Decisions relating to the nation was made by a council
Chiefs were chosen based on their eloquence (public speaking), courage, generosity, bravery in battle + hunting skills
4
Q
What is a consensus?
A
a general agreement
5
Q
What is the fate of prisoners?
A
- During wars, prisoners were captured and were taken to enemy territory and were killed or tortured.
- Sometimes the Iroquois adopted to replace a family member that died in a war.
6
Q
What would happen if a family member died in a war?
A
- Sometimes the Iroquois adopted to replace a family member that died in a war. The adopted person would have the same social status as the person they replaced.
7
Q
Why did the Europeans explore?
A
They wanted to find India to look for more spices.
8
Q
What was Jaques Cartier looking for?
A
he was trying to discover gold, spices, and a passage to Asia.
9
Q
What was Jaques Cartiers accomplishments?
A
Accomplishments:
- He planted a cross (claimed territory)
- He explored the St Lawrence
10
Q
What were Jaques Cartier’s failures?
A
Failures:
- Settlement in the colony
- Evangelizing (convert)the FN
11
Q
Who are the Dutch allied with?
A
Iroquois
12
Q
Who is the english allied with?
A
Iroquois
13
Q
Who are the french allied with?
A
Huron- Wendat
14
Q
What is mercantilism?
A
- Mercantilism is a system to improve the mother countries. A mother country is a country that has the most power. France is an example of this. New France would send raw materials (unfinished products) such as furs to France. France completed unfinished products and made them into finished products like hats and jackets. New France then needed to buy the finished products. This allowed the mother country to make huge profits and gather gold and silver. It allowed the mother country to buy ships, cannons and pay soldiers to make it more powerful. This policy worked to the advantage of the Mother countries, It didn’t help the colonies to develop or settle. If people in the colony made finished products, they were punished.
15
Q
Why did the co. of 100 associates fail?
A
- Monopoly company for the fur trade
- Got attacked by the English had issues
- Had building to store the furs in Trois rivieres
- France ended up using the land to distribute for Seigneurial
16
Q
What does absolutism mean?
A
- King had all the power, his power was said to come from G-d
- Questioning the king’s decision = punished
17
Q
why did the territory expanded?
A
as the fur trade expanded it expanded
18
Q
what is the courreur de bois?
A
- Everyone was allowed to participate in the fur trade
- People who were attracted to large profit ( Coureur de boi) also - -decided to participate
- They had a large amount of freedom
- There were to many Coureur de boi
19
Q
What is the churches 3 responsibilities?
A
- Churches in new France took care of (H.E.C)
1) Health
2) Education
3) Charity
20
Q
What is the sovereign council?
A
- it Was a group of important ppl. Who made laws and
carried out administrative activities. Also acted as a
court of appeal. - it Was made up of the gvnr. + intd
bishop + a few other important ppl.
21
Q
What does Vanglisaton mean?
A
It means to try and convert somone
22
Q
How did the population grow?
A
- The population of men vs women was too much
- France sent a group of young women called the Filles du Roi were sent to make families
- Steps France took to increase population:
- Father’s could be fined if their sons weren’t married by 20
and the daughters 16 and UNDER got some money - On their wedding day, men 20 & under and women 16 and younger got some money
- Parents who had 10 or more living children got a yearly bonus
- A dowry (their family pays u money) was given to poor women and First Nation Catholic women who married a France colonist
- The king gave certain prisoners the right to settle in North France (they got out of prison and could start a new life)
- Soldiers were given a chance to settle in the colony eg
- 400 soldiers took the offer and stayed in the land
- Intendent responsible for population growth
- one of the points for the royal government was to increase the population
23
Q
What is The seigneurial system?
A
- The government ordered the company of 100 associates to distribute its land in a way used in France, they needed to grant land to seigneurs
- Seigneurs= granted land/ in charge of a piece of land
- They had to be loyal to the king of France
- They granted other people who agreed with the requirements
- They had to reserve minerals and oak trees on their land to the king and had to build a flour mill
24
Q
What are the Responsibilities of Seigneurs?
A
- They had to be loyal to the king of Fr.
- They had to grant a lot a censitaire who agreed with the king.
- They had to reserve minerals and oak trees on their land to the king.
- They had to build a flower mill on their land
25
What are the Responsibilities of Censitaires?
- They had to work a lot.
- They had to pay rent (rente) in money or produce to the seigneur
- They had to give 3 days of unpaid work (corvee labour) to the seigneur
- They had to maintain the roads connected to their lot.
26
What did the layout of the seigneurial system look like
it had squares (WILL BE ONE OF THE DOCUMENTS)
27
what does - Economic diversification mean?
- economic diversification=building an economy on multiple levels so you do not rely on only one thing
- They found jobs other than working with the fur trade
28
What was The Spanish succession?
- 1701-1713
- When king of Spain died he gave it to Philip D’anjou
- France and Spain = HUGE EMPIRE
- England tried to stop this
- Treaty of Utrecht ended it
29
What was the Treaty of utrecht?
- 1713
| - France surrendered a part of nova scotia and control of the Hudson Bay
30
What was the - Seven-year war?
- 1756-1763
- Happened around North America
- England was gaining territory
- Led north America to the war of conquest
31
What was Ohio valley?
- Britain soldiers led by George Washington
Went to the region to show Britain had control
- French defeated the English and stopped trade relations with the first nations in the great lake regions
32
What is the co of 100 associotes?
- Monopoly company for fur trade
- Got attacked by the english had issues
- Had building to store the furs in trois rivieres
- France ended up using the land to distribute for Seigneurial
33
What happend during jaques cartiers fist voyage?
First voyage: 1534
- Explore St. Lawrence and make contact w/ FN
- He believed there was a passageway to Asia
34
What happend during jaques cartiers second voyage?
Second voyage: 1535
- He reached Montreal but the Lachine rapids affected the voyage
- The crew spent winter in Quebec City, most died of scurvy
35
What happend during jaques cartiers third voyage?
Third voyage: 1541
(Settlement of Cap-Rouge)
The crew spent the winter in standalone(many people died)
Sieur Roberval was in charge of this voyage
400 colonist
Cartier thought he discovered gold and went back to France to show everyone, they called him fools gold
Roberval ended the colonization because of climate change
