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Animal Feeding & Nutrition YEAR 1 > MUST KNOW FOR EXAM!!! > Flashcards

MUST KNOW FOR EXAM!!! Flashcards

1
Q

State 5 key features of a herbivores dentition and explain their purpose

A
  1. Strong, flat molars - grinding plant matter
  2. Sharp incisors - tearing plant matter
  3. Hard dental pad (some species)
  4. Jaws move from side to side - grinding plants
  5. Diastema - gap between incisors and pre molars = more room to push food around mouth
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2
Q

State the 3 features of a carnivorous dentition

A
  1. Defined, pointed canines - tearing meat
  2. Serrated/pointed molars
  3. Jaws move up and down - slice the meat
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3
Q

State the dentition of an omnivorous animal.

A

Combination of flat molars, sharp canines and incisors.

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4
Q

Enzymes:

What is the molecule that links to the active site of an enzyme?

A

The Substrate

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5
Q

When a substate has linked to an enzyme by attaching to the active site, what does it form?

A

It forms a product.

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6
Q

State a brief definition of an enzyme.

A

Enzymes cause a specific reaction within the body to make nutrients more absorbable.
They also break down and build up…
They can join together with other molecules to make a different product.

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7
Q

The term anabolism means ….

A

To build up

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8
Q

The term catabolism means….

A

To break down

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9
Q

Where are the 4 main sites of which enzymes are secreted?

A
  1. The mouth - via salivary glands
  2. The stomach - via glands
  3. The duodenum - via pancreas
  4. The jejunum - via pancreas
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10
Q

State 5 differences between wild and captive diets of animals.

A
  1. Hunt for food (wild)
  2. 0 given the food (captive)
  3. Competition (wild)
  4. 0 no competition
  5. Live food (wild)
  6. 0 dead animals - live feeding vertebrates is illegal in the UK (captive)
  7. More active (wild)
  8. 0 not as active - smaller space (captive)
  9. Fresh/natural foods (wild)
  10. 0 processed foods (captive)
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11
Q

Suggest some factors that can affect the feeding of live animals in captivity.

A
  1. Visitors/public perception
  2. Age
  3. Life stage
  4. Activity levels
  5. Health
  6. Source of food/longevity
  7. Laws/legislation in place
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12
Q

State 5 feeding strategies of captive animals

A
  1. All animals daily intake is monitored - no competition for food
  2. Scatter feeding - actively work and forage for food
  3. Carcass feeding - doesn’t go against any laws.
  4. Browsing stations - herbivores
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13
Q

State the definition of a balanced diet

A

A diet that ensures an animal receives the correct nutrients in the appropriate quantities

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14
Q

State some implications of not feeding a balanced diet .

A
  • selective feeding (common with muesli within a hamster/rabbit diet)
  • nutritional imbalances and deficiencies
  • lack of condition (reduced ration sizes)
  • poor welfare and husbandry (AWA2006)
  • obesity or malnutrition (fat/thin)
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15
Q

What do vitamins help with, within the body?

A
  1. Healthy coat and skin
  2. Immunity
  3. Strong dentition
  4. Efficient of enzymes
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16
Q

Suggest two vitamin types that are fat soluble.

A

Vitamins D and E

17
Q

Suggest two vitamin types that are water soluble

A

Vitamins B and C

18
Q

Provide a definition for fat soluble

A

Vitamins are dissolved into fat molecules then absorbed into the blood stream during the main point of digestion. (Intestines 90%)

19
Q

Provide a definition for water soluble

A

Vitamins are dissolved into water and carried through the bodies tissues

20
Q

State 5 benefits of using a complete diet

A
  1. All in one food
  2. Lasts longer
  3. Nutrients are met
  4. Tailored to specific species
  5. Bought in bulk.
21
Q

State 4 benefits to feeding a varied diet

A
  1. Provides variety and textures
  2. Natural and fresh food
  3. No artificial preservatives or fillers
  4. Parts can be added and removed if needed.
22
Q

What is food is sold for rabbits but not recommend?

A

Muesli diet

23
Q

What is wrong with feeding a muesli mix?

A

Various ingredients are high in sugar which can lead to them becoming picky and only eating the parts that they favour (palatability and selective feeding).

24
Q

What are some alternatives to muesli?

A
  • pellets fed once/twice a day
  • hay and straw to forage and promote good dental health (prevent malocclusion)
  • control calorie intake and promote a balanced diet
25
Q

What is a feeding plan?

A

A feeding plan is a weekly plan that outlines the diet, frequency and amount, each species needs to be healthy.

26
Q

Suggest 4 feeding strategies

A

Browse - giraffes and elephants
Graze - cows and zebra
Predation - lions and wolves
Using tools - primates

27
Q

In what exhibits must feeding plans be a necessity for each individual species?

A

In a multi-species exhibit

28
Q

Suggest two animals that can live harmoniously in a multi-species exhibit

A

Giraffes and zebras

Animal Feeding & Nutrition YEAR 1 (7 decks)

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