MUST KNOW FOR EXAM!!! Flashcards
State 5 key features of a herbivores dentition and explain their purpose
- Strong, flat molars - grinding plant matter
- Sharp incisors - tearing plant matter
- Hard dental pad (some species)
- Jaws move from side to side - grinding plants
- Diastema - gap between incisors and pre molars = more room to push food around mouth
State the 3 features of a carnivorous dentition
- Defined, pointed canines - tearing meat
- Serrated/pointed molars
- Jaws move up and down - slice the meat
State the dentition of an omnivorous animal.
Combination of flat molars, sharp canines and incisors.
Enzymes:
What is the molecule that links to the active site of an enzyme?
The Substrate
When a substate has linked to an enzyme by attaching to the active site, what does it form?
It forms a product.
State a brief definition of an enzyme.
Enzymes cause a specific reaction within the body to make nutrients more absorbable.
They also break down and build up…
They can join together with other molecules to make a different product.
The term anabolism means ….
To build up
The term catabolism means….
To break down
Where are the 4 main sites of which enzymes are secreted?
- The mouth - via salivary glands
- The stomach - via glands
- The duodenum - via pancreas
- The jejunum - via pancreas
State 5 differences between wild and captive diets of animals.
- Hunt for food (wild)
- 0 given the food (captive)
- Competition (wild)
- 0 no competition
- Live food (wild)
- 0 dead animals - live feeding vertebrates is illegal in the UK (captive)
- More active (wild)
- 0 not as active - smaller space (captive)
- Fresh/natural foods (wild)
- 0 processed foods (captive)
Suggest some factors that can affect the feeding of live animals in captivity.
- Visitors/public perception
- Age
- Life stage
- Activity levels
- Health
- Source of food/longevity
- Laws/legislation in place
State 5 feeding strategies of captive animals
- All animals daily intake is monitored - no competition for food
- Scatter feeding - actively work and forage for food
- Carcass feeding - doesn’t go against any laws.
- Browsing stations - herbivores
State the definition of a balanced diet
A diet that ensures an animal receives the correct nutrients in the appropriate quantities
State some implications of not feeding a balanced diet .
- selective feeding (common with muesli within a hamster/rabbit diet)
- nutritional imbalances and deficiencies
- lack of condition (reduced ration sizes)
- poor welfare and husbandry (AWA2006)
- obesity or malnutrition (fat/thin)
What do vitamins help with, within the body?
- Healthy coat and skin
- Immunity
- Strong dentition
- Efficient of enzymes
Suggest two vitamin types that are fat soluble.
Vitamins D and E
Suggest two vitamin types that are water soluble
Vitamins B and C
Provide a definition for fat soluble
Vitamins are dissolved into fat molecules then absorbed into the blood stream during the main point of digestion. (Intestines 90%)
Provide a definition for water soluble
Vitamins are dissolved into water and carried through the bodies tissues
State 5 benefits of using a complete diet
- All in one food
- Lasts longer
- Nutrients are met
- Tailored to specific species
- Bought in bulk.
State 4 benefits to feeding a varied diet
- Provides variety and textures
- Natural and fresh food
- No artificial preservatives or fillers
- Parts can be added and removed if needed.
What is food is sold for rabbits but not recommend?
Muesli diet
What is wrong with feeding a muesli mix?
Various ingredients are high in sugar which can lead to them becoming picky and only eating the parts that they favour (palatability and selective feeding).
What are some alternatives to muesli?
- pellets fed once/twice a day
- hay and straw to forage and promote good dental health (prevent malocclusion)
- control calorie intake and promote a balanced diet
What is a feeding plan?
A feeding plan is a weekly plan that outlines the diet, frequency and amount, each species needs to be healthy.
Suggest 4 feeding strategies
Browse - giraffes and elephants
Graze - cows and zebra
Predation - lions and wolves
Using tools - primates
In what exhibits must feeding plans be a necessity for each individual species?
In a multi-species exhibit
Suggest two animals that can live harmoniously in a multi-species exhibit
Giraffes and zebras
