Monogastric Digestion

Question 1

List 3 monogastric animals

Answer 1

1. pigs
2. dogs
3. cats

Question 2

The term digestive tract refers to ………

Answer 2

the whole system.

often known as gastrointestinal tract

Question 3

External ancillary organs break down food in the mouth. What are these called?

Answer 3

Teeth, Lips, Tongue, Salivary Glands

Question 4

Saliva contains digestive enzymes. What are these enzymes and what do they break down?

Answer 4

Amylase - breaks down carbohydrates into sugars
Protease - digests proteins into amino acids
Lipase - converts fats into fatty acids

Question 5

State 4 facts about the tongue and its role in the monogastric digestive system.

Answer 5

• Composed of several muscles
• Outer layer is covered in bumps called papillae
• Taste buds detect flavour
• Tongue pushes food to the back of the mouth to enable swallowing.

Question 6

State 1 fact about the liver (internal ancillary organ)

Answer 6

• produces bile which helps the small intestine break down and absorb fats, cholesterol and vitamins.

Question 7

Where is the pancreas (internal ancillary organ) located and what does it regulate?

Answer 7

Located in the abdomen.

Regulates blood sugar.

Question 8

What do the kidneys (internal ancillary organ) sift and what does it become?

Answer 8

Sifts waste products and excess urine out of the blood. Turns into urine.

Question 9

Briefly explain and describe the pharynx.

Answer 9

• Funnel shaped tube

- contains a flap called the epiglottis

Question 10

Briefly explain and describe the oesophagus.

Answer 10

• muscular tube
• Transports food and fluid from mouth to stomach.
• Also allows air to enter the body.

Question 11

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 11

• Muscular organ which receives food from the oesophagus.
• Stomach secretes hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes.
• Lined with ridges called rugae.
• muscles contract = churn the food

Question 12

The small intestine is divided into three areas. What are those areas called?

Answer 12

• The Duodenum
• The Jejunum
• Ileum

Question 13

What is the role of the duodenum?

Answer 13

Receives partially digested food (chyme) and prepares for absorption.

Question 14

What is the role of the jejunum?

Answer 14

Middle-section, most nutrients are digested here.

Question 15

What is the role of the ileum?

Answer 15

Absorbs vitamins, bile, nutrients.

Question 16

Undigested food from the small intestine enters….

Answer 16

the large intestine.

Question 17

What happens in the large intestine?

Answer 17

Water is absorbed.

Waste products harden to form faeces.