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Biology 101 > MUST KNOW > Flashcards

MUST KNOW Flashcards

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1
Q

Polar.

A
  • HYDROPHILIC
  • unequal sharing
    -NH, SH, OH OR CHARGES
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2
Q

Non polar

A
  • hydrophobic
    -equal sharing
  • NO SH OH NH OR CHARGES= hydrophobic
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3
Q

When finding an amino acid/ r group

A
  1. Amino group
  2. CARBOXYL group
  3. Central carbon
  4. R group
    * if there’s an amino acid = there’s an r group*
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4
Q

Cellulose

A

Polysaccharide produced in plants
Provides structure for cell walls
Plant polysaccharide that can’t be broken down into human digestive system

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5
Q

maltose

A

Breaks down to provide quick energy
Disaccharide
Glucose + glucose

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6
Q

Glucose

A

Monosaccharide
Monomer connected together via dehydration synthesis to make cellulose, glycogen and starch

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7
Q

Chitin

A

Polysaccharide found in fengal cell walls
Polymers found in bugs

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8
Q

Starch

A

Energy storage polysaccharide produce by plants

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9
Q

Glycogen

A

Energy storage polysaccharide found in animals
Polymers found in bugs

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10
Q

Lipids are….

A

Hydrophobic

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11
Q

Saturated

A

C-C-C-C
No double bonds in carbon atoms

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12
Q

Unsaturated

A

Double bonds or more between carbon atoms
Bends form

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13
Q

Hypotonic

A

Lower concentration of solute (sugar) and higher water

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14
Q

Hypertonic

A

Lower h2o and bigger concentration of sugar

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15
Q

Membranes more fluid at lower temperature

A
  • more unsaturated fat acid
  • cholesterol
  • shirt tail fat acids
  • few proteins
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16
Q

Which molecules can move across phospholipid bilayer

A

Small hydrophobic molecules
Steps
Hormones

17
Q

Fecal transplants

A

Transfer of bacteria from stool from healthy donor into the gastrointestinal tract if an individual who has unearthly for micro biome

18
Q

Quorum sensing molecules

A

They can bind receptors and cause a response in population

19
Q

Anti quorum sensing molecules

A

Keeps quorum sensing from happening by building and blocking receptors

20
Q

What makes up endomembrane system

A

Plasma membrane
Transport vesicles
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum ( rough/smooth)

21
Q

Lysosome

A

Molecules that are broken down by hydrolysis
They’re part of endomembrane system

22
Q

Peroxisome

A

Molecules broken down by oxidation
Not in endomembrane system

23
Q

Gut microbiome function

A

Affects brain development, impacts vitamins, and mentally
Neurotransmitters travel through blood stream and impacts brain

24
Q

Gut bran axis function

A

Links to emotional and cognitive centers of brain
Influences mood and mental health
System of communication between gut and brain

25
Q

Microbiomes communicate with the brain

A
  • neural
  • endocrine
  • immune
  • hormonal links
26
Q

Microbiome in protection

A

Immune system
Provide barriers for infections to not come in

27
Q

Microbiomes in competition

A

Against pathogens- space in body
Micro organisms and microbiome compete for resources

28
Q

Why antibiotics are detrimental to human microbiome

A

Disruption of microbial balance
They kill commensals
Impacts on immune function

29
Q

Extremophile’S

A

Archea that is salt lovers

30
Q

Thermopiles

A

Archaea that’s heat lovers

31
Q

Methanogens

A

Archea that is methane producers

32
Q

Smooth ER

A

No ribosomes
Lipid production
Cells that make lots of lips will have lots of smooth ER
Lupid synthesis

33
Q

ROUGH ER

A

Protein/ Carries something
cells that make lots of protein will have rough er
Has ribosomes
Protein synthesis

34
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Sorting and packaging of proteinS
Glycosylation
Destinations: plasma membranes, secreted tu outside of cell

35
Q

Endomembrane system

A

Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell

Biology 101 (2 decks)

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