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Biology 101 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Basic research

A

Pure science that aims to increase scientific knowledge

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2
Q

Applied research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

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3
Q

EMERGENT PROPERTIES

A

-HELP LIVING ORGANISMS BETTER ADAPT TO THEIR ENVT AND INCREASE LIFESPAN

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4
Q

Cell- what & why

A

ITS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE B/C its capable of independent existence & can carry out all the vital functions for living
* LIVING ORGANISMS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS*

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5
Q

PRIMARY LITERATURE

A

AUTHOR CONDUCTED THE WORK AND IS FIRST HAND INFO

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6
Q

SECONDARY LITERATURE

A

AUTHOR DIDNT CONDUCT WORK (SECOND HAND INFO)

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7
Q

Hydroxyl

A

HAS OH BOND. -O-H

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8
Q

CARBOXYL

A

HAS -COOH BOND O=C-OH

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9
Q

Amino

A

NH2 H-N-H

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10
Q

Phosphate

A

Po_4^3- O=P— O- — O- — O-

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11
Q

Methyl

A

-CH_3 H— C — H — H

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12
Q

Monomer

A

Single subunit

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13
Q

Dimer

A

2 momers coming together

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14
Q

Polymer

A

Large molecule made up by many monomers

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15
Q

CIS fats

A
  • Both hydrogen atoms located on the same side
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16
Q

Trans fats

A
  • Has the 2 hydrogen atoms on opposite sides
  • they are unsaturated b/c of shape
  • harmful to ones health
  • located in foods
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17
Q

Hydrophobic/philic

A
  • water hating
    -molecules that can interact with water
18
Q

Water w/ hydrogen bonds

A

Hydrogen bonds attract partial charges
Hence there’s attraction with negative hydrogen molecule and partial positive with water molecule

19
Q

Why salt dissolves in water and oil doesn’t

A

Oil is non polar substance → no difference in electrical charges
Salt has ions that are charged → dissolve in polar solvents

20
Q

Polar covalent bonds

A

NH SH OH +/-

21
Q

Molecules that form hydrogen bonds with each other

A

Water molecule, hydrogen atoms molecules, on one molecule that has it S the other has N, O OR F

22
Q

Interactions W/ amino acid ls water hydrophobic (phillic) + where in tertiary structure

A
  • Amino acids w/polar or charged → hydrophilic →
    Interact w/ water → located proteins surface for water molecules interaction
  • amino acids w/ nonpolar» hydrophobic → no water interaction→buried in interior of protein away from water
23
Q

Hydrolysis synthesis reactions

A
  • Molecule that breaks down into smaller units through the addition of a water molecule
  • ## consumes water molecule
24
Q

Dehydration synthesis reactions

A
  • Two molecules joining together to form a larger molecule w/ water molecule elimination
  • forms water molecule
25
Q

Monosaccharides

A
  • single sugar molecules that can’t be broken down
26
Q

Disaccharides

A

Carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharide units joined together by bond

27
Q

Oligosacharides

A

A carbohydrate composed of a relatively small number (3-20) of monosaccharide units

28
Q

Starch

A

Energy storage in plants
Stored in plant cells
Polysaccharide

29
Q

Glycogen

A
  • energy storage in animals
  • mainly stored in liver and muscles
30
Q

Cellulose

A

-linear polysaccharide
- major component of plant cell walls →gives strength

31
Q

Chitin

A

-polysaccharide composed of beta glucose
-found in insects and cell walls of fungi/algae >provides support and protection

32
Q

Why humans cannot digest cellulose, but cows can digest cellulose and starch

A

Humans lack enzymes and cows have a special digestive system

33
Q

How a peptide bonds are formed

A

-Monomers joining together to form polymers→peptide bonds form though polymerization →two amino acids are joined together to form a protein.

34
Q

How do enzymes work

A
  1. Substrates binds To active site
  2. Enzyme and substrate usually change their shape to fit each other perfectly forming an enzyme substrate complex
  3. Reaction occurs forming products to be released
  4. Enzyme is free to bind to the other substrates molecule
35
Q

Functions of steroids in human body

A
  • hormones
  • growth
    Development
    Energy metabolism
  • Homeostasis
36
Q

Saturated fatty aci

A

One single bond
Bad for you in excess
Found in animals (butter)
Not healthy

37
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

One or more double bonds
Double bonds in structure
Most unsaturated fats are good for you(olive oil)
Found in plants

38
Q

LDL roles in Cholesterol transporting

A

Carries cholesterol from liver to cell * bad cholesterol*

39
Q

HDR role in transporting cholesterol

A

-picks up excess cholesterol from cells →delivers to liver for disposal/ recycling * good cholesterol *

40
Q

Connection between dietary fat and bad cholesterol

A

Dietary fat impacts blood levels to raise and causes cholesterol to increase

Biology 101 (2 decks)

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