Mussolini and the development of Fascism 1919 - 1922 Flashcards
What was Mussolini’s role as a socialist?
The editor of the the Avanti - the socialist newspaper.
Why did he become disillusioned with socialism during the war?
He was angry at the government for the humiliating results of the Paris conference and looked to D’Annunzio for inspiration
What was the Fasci di Comattimento?
The Fascist combat group included: nationalists, republicans, anarchists and radicals. They had very little in common ideologically but a shared hatred of the Liberal regime.
Why did Mussolini resign in 1921?
He made a deal with the socialists to end violence and the Ras disliked this curb on their power and protested against it.
What did Mussolini do in November 1921?
He gave demands for renewed hostility and agreed to renounce the pact with the PSI and relaunched as the PNF.
Why did Giolitti resign in 1921?
He faced fierce opposition in the chamber of deputies for the Fascists
Who was Facta?
A veteran Liberal politician, who was invited by the king to form a government. He is seen as timid and ignorant which are not qualities associated with a successful leader.
Why did Mussolini need a ‘New Programme’?
The Fascists did not win any seats in the Chamber of Deputies in the 1919 election.
What did Mussolini’s ‘new programme’ consist of?
8hr Working day
Obligatory National Service
No confiscation of income
Schools would focus on physical and moral training for future soldiers
Large Italian presence in the Mediterranean.
Why did the PNF gain support so rapidly?
The widespread fear of socialism which was exploited by Mussolini during Biennio Rosso
What was Squadrismo?
Armed loyal Fascists groups who were organised at local levels by Ras bosses and their their aim was to crush the socialist threat.
What happened after the election of May 1921?
Giolitti invited the Fascists to join his right wing electoral alliance in which he promised them some power in government and as well as on the streets.
