Muslim World Flashcards
Located where?
Arabian peninsula the crossroad to Asia Africa and Europe
What was the problem and what succeeded?
Trades routes increased but water was low because of location but trade and natural surroundings helped
Did they settle and why?
Yes they did because they found access to trade water through wells
Main cities?
Mecca and Medina
Religion?
Islam
Follower is called what?
A Muslim
Founder and what he’s called?
Muhammad and he’s expressed as the prophet
The one and only god was who?
Allah
Those who believed in principle of Islam were called what
Muslims
Holy Book?
Qur’an or the Koran and they were written in Arabic
What regulates family and and moral conduct
Shari’a
Moses and Jesus were earlier prophets who were what?
Accepted
Five Pillars of Islam; first
Faith; testify a statement of faith
Five pillars of Islam; second
Prayer; five times a day pray towards Mecca or may assemble at a mosque
Five Pillars of Islam; third
Alms; charity or giving to the less fortunate
Five Pillars of Islam; fourth
Fasting; during holy month of Ramadan, Muslims do not eat between dawn and sunset
Five Pillars of Islam; fifth
Pilgrimage; if able perform Hajj to Mecca
Hijrah
Migration to Medina this marks the beginning journey of Muslim Calendar and Islam
Medinas maiden name?
Yathrib aka the city of prophet
Is the calendar still used today
Yes
Who rules after Muhammad’s death?
His father in law aka Abu Bakr
After Abu Bakr’s who rules?
Ali, Muhammads son in law and became caliph in 656
Where did the Umayyad Dynasty move to and from?
They moved capital of Arab Empire from Medina to Damascus
What was caused after Ali’s death?
Shi’a and Sunni division
Reason for Sunni and Shi’a?
Caused by disagreement over succession or choosing the next Caliph
What did Shi’a and Sunni cause?
War and conflict aka attack on Constantinople but failed
Shi’a believed what?
That the next caliph should be related to Muhammad somehow
Sunni believed what?
They wanted to elect the next caliph and believed the first four
What did Sufi what?
A life of poverty and devotion to a spiritual path
The Battle of Tours
Franks and Muslims they stopped Muslims from advancing beyond Spain and Western Europe but Muslims defeated the by Charles Martel
Abbasid Dynasty
The Islamic capital moved to Baghdad and in 750 Muhammad overthrew the Umayyad dynasty
Other known facts about Abbasid
They increased authority but failed to politically to control their immense territory also rulers formed their own independent dynasty’s
Achievements
Dome of the Rock (church) located in Jerusalem. Mosaics are pictures or pattern made up of small arranged colored tile or glass. Arabic alphabet, universities, translation of ancient texts into Arabic, Arabic numerals, Algebra, Medicine, and expansion of geographic knowledge (science).
