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Muslim Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Caliph

A

Leader of Sunni Muslim community

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2
Q

Hadith

A

The teachings of Muhammad

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3
Q

Hajj

A

Pilgrimage to Mecca

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4
Q

Haram

A

Forbidden for Muslims

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5
Q

Imamate

A

Leadership

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6
Q

Jihad

A

The struggle against evil

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7
Q

Jummah

A

Weekly communal prayer on a Friday

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8
Q

Khums

A

Tax in Shia Islam

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9
Q

Omnipotence

A

The belief that Allah is all powerful

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10
Q

Predestination

A

The idea that everything that happens has been decided by God

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11
Q

Rak’ah

A

A sequence of prayer containing actions and recitations

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12
Q

Ramadan

A

The holy month of fasting for 29/30 days

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13
Q

Risalah

A

Communication between man and Allah in the form of books, angels and prophets

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14
Q

Salah

A

Compulsory prayer 5 times a day and the 2nd pillar of Islam

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15
Q

Sawm

A

Pillar of fasting

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16
Q

Tawhid

A

The belief in the oneness of Allah

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17
Q

Wudu

A

The symbolic washing and purification of the mind and body before Salah

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18
Q

Zakat

A

Giving 2.5% of all savings to charity

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19
Q

Five pillars

A

Five most important duties for all Muslims.

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20
Q

Combination of five pillars and additional duties. Followed by Shia Muslims.

A

Ten obligatory acts

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21
Q

Shahadah

A

Muslim declaration of faith.

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22
Q

Five most important duties for all Muslims.

A

Five pillars

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23
Q

Ten obligatory acts

A

Combination of five pillars and additional duties.

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24
Q

Muslim declaration of faith

A

Shahadah

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25
Q

Salah

A

Prayer

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26
Q

Zakah

A

Charitable giving

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27
Q

Sawm

A

Fasting

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28
Q

Prayer pillar

A

Salah

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29
Q

Charitable giving

A

Zakah

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30
Q

Fasting pillar

A

Sawm

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31
Q

Hajj

A

Pilgrimage

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32
Q

20% tax

A

Khums

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33
Q

Jihad

A

Struggle to maintain faith and defend Islam

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34
Q

Pilgrimage pillar

A

Hajj

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35
Q

Khums

A

20% tax

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36
Q

Amr-bil-maruf

A

Encouraging people to do good

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37
Q

Discouraging people from doing bad things

A

Nahi Anil Munkar

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38
Q

Tawallah

A

Showing love for god and his followers

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39
Q

Not associating with with enemies of god

A

Tabarra

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40
Q

Encouraging people to do good

A

Amr-bil-maruf

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41
Q

Nahi anil munkar

A

Discouraging people from doing bad

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42
Q

Showing love for god and his supporters

A

Tawallah

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43
Q

Tabarra

A

Not associating with enemies of god.

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44
Q

Pray 5 times a day

A

Sunni

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45
Q

Shia pray

A

three times a day

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46
Q

Ritual washing before prayer

A

Wudu

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47
Q

Sunni pray

A

5 times a day

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48
Q

Pray three times a day

A

Shia

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49
Q

Wudu

A

Ritual washing before prayer

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50
Q

Fajr

A

Just before sunrise

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51
Q

Just after midday

A

Zuhr

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52
Q

Asr

A

Afternoon

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53
Q

Just after sunset

A

Maghrib

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54
Q

Isha

A

Night

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55
Q

Just before sunrise

A

Fajr

56
Q

Zuhr

A

Just after midday

57
Q

Afternoon

A

Asr

58
Q

Maghrib

A

Just after sunset

59
Q

Night prayer

A

Isha

60
Q

Nature of god quote

A

“And your Allah is one Allah. There is no god but He”, Tawhid

61
Q

What are the attributes of Allah?

A

-transcendent, above anything in the world
-fair and just
-immanent, close and within all things on earth
-omnipotent, all powerful
-beneficent, allah is all loving
-merciful, he forgives
Allah has 99 names, each to show a different attribute

62
Q

What is immanence?

A

Allah is within or part of all of his creations. The universe as a whole and all it’s parts are as close the creator as they are to their own existence

63
Q

What impact does the belief of immanence have?

A

Encourages Muslims to look after themselves and not indulge in harmful things like drugs as god is close to them.
Feel as if they are not alone in life, they have god to guide them.

64
Q

How does the belief of transcendence impact Muslims?

A

Encourages belief in gods power and trust in him to watch over them.
Encourages worship and the worship of only him.

65
Q

What are the roles of angels?

A
  • messengers to the prophets
  • take care of people and record what they do, to be used on the day of judgement
  • Izrail, angel of death, takes peoples souls to god when they die
  • welcome Muslims to paradise and supervise hell
66
Q

Angel jibril

A
  • Known as angel of revelation
  • revealed the Quran to Muhammad on the night of power
  • appeared to maryam, told her she was pregnant with isa
  • knows the beauty of paradise and the pain of hell
  • would be present on the day of judgement
67
Q

Who is Mika’il?

A
  • a friend to humanity
  • giver of rain and food
  • angel of mercy, asks Allah to forgive people’s sins
  • present on the day of judgement
68
Q

What does Risalah refer to?

A

Prophethood

69
Q

What were prophets?

A
  • a connection between Allah and humanity
  • There are 25 named prophets but may have been as many as 124,000
  • the messages of prophets are recorded in holy books
  • prophets reveal the truths of Allah
70
Q

Who was Adam?

A
  • the physical and spiritual ancestor of mankind
  • a relationship with Allah, angels bow to Adam
  • first built Ka’bah and worshipped allah
71
Q

Who was ibrahim

A
  • A prophet who displayed belief in monotheism when polytheism was largely believed in in his society
  • demonstrated his completed faith in Allah we he was willing to sacrifice his son Ishmael
72
Q

Who is Muhammad?

A
  • final prophet in Islam
  • was revealed allah’s message, the Quran on the night of power
  • win a war against Makkah and smashed the statues of the gods in the ka’aba, only one god
73
Q

The Quran

A

Accepted as the true word of Allah. Was revealed to Muhammad through jibril on the night of power

74
Q

What were the suhuf ibrahim (scrolls of Abraham)?

A

An early scripture that has been lost. Taught Muslims what Allah revealed to ibrahim

75
Q

What is the Tawrat(Torah)?

A

The Jewish holy book revealed to Moses. Teaches that Allah had messengers before Muhammad. Contains Ten Commandments

76
Q

What are the six articles of faith?

A
  1. Tawhid
  2. Angels, the link between god and humans
  3. holy books should be respected
  4. the prophets should be respected
  5. Sunni Muslims believe in the day of judgement
  6. Al Qadr everything in the universe is following god’s divine masterplan
77
Q

Who was Abu Bakr?

A

One possible successor of Muhammad, believed to be the true successor by the Sunni community

78
Q

Who is Ali?

A

A possible successor of Muhammad. Believed to be the rightful successor by Shi’a Muslims

79
Q

What is an Imam?

A

Leads Shi’a Muslim communities, seen as being chosen by god. Should be exemplary people who obey all teachings and follow shari’ah law

80
Q

What is the significance of the Imamate?

A

Imams should be defended from Muhammad. This means they are chosen by god and free from sin. They are blessed with an understanding of the teachings.
Imams Are needed to guide Muslims through the teachings of the prophets.

81
Q

Tawhid quote:

A

“He is god the one, god the eternal”

82
Q

Transcendence quote:

A

“No one is comparable to him”

83
Q

Mercy quote:

A

“His mercy takes precedence over his wrath”

“Lord of mercy, the Giver of mercy”

84
Q

Just quote:

A

“Is Allah not the best of judges?”

85
Q

Angels quotes:

A

“Each person has angels before him and behind, watching over him by God’s command.”

“We do not descend except for the command of the Lord”

86
Q

Muhammad quote:

A

He is gods messenger and the seal of the prophets”

87
Q

The Quran quote:

A

“This is the scripture of which there can be no doubt”

88
Q

Life after death:

A

“He gives life and causes death, to him you will be returned”
“Fear the fire which has been prepared for those who reject faith”
“The righteous will have gardens in paradise beneath which rivers flow”

89
Q

The Imamate quote:

A

“Obey those of you who are in authority”

90
Q

Predestination quote:

A

“Never will we be struck except by what Allah has decreed”

91
Q

What are the five pillars of Islam?

A
  1. Shahadah, declaration of faith
  2. Salah, prayer
  3. Zakat, charity
  4. Sawm,fasting
  5. Hajj,pilgrimage
92
Q

What are the ten obligatory acts?

A
  1. Salah, prayer
  2. Zakah, charity
  3. Sawm, fasting
  4. Hajj, pilgrimage
  5. Jihad, struggle to keep faith
  6. Khums, shi’a 20% annual tax for good cause
  7. Amr-bil Maruf, encouraging good deeds
  8. Nahi Anil Munkar, forbidding evil, discouraging bad acts
  9. Tawallah, love for god and other Muslims
  10. Tabarra, disassociating from gods enemies
93
Q

What is Zakat?

A

2.5% of wealth is given to charity

94
Q

Why is it done?

A

Wealth is seen as a loan from allah. Donations help purify their soulm
Teaches Muslims not to be greedy
To know to help others in need
Is said the giver will receive “100 fold” of what they pay back in the afterlife

95
Q

What is Khums?

A

A donation Shi’a Muslims make. 20% of savings goes to charities related to things like Islamic education or the poor

96
Q

Why do Muslims do pilgrimage?

A

Everyone who attends is seen as equal and it brings a sense of unity.
Pilgrimage shows self-discipline and fulfils religious duty
Brings Muslims closer to god.
Some Hadith agree sins are cleaned by the journey

97
Q

What are the origins of Hajj?

A

Ibrahim took his wife to Arabia. God told ibrahim to leave his wife and son with some food and water. His wife ran out of water and prayed for more, this is the spring called the Zamzam well visited on hajj. When ibrahim returned he was told to build Ka’aba dedicated to allah

98
Q

What is Tawaf?

A

The seven circlings of the ka’aba

99
Q

What happens at mount arafat?

A

It is the place where Muhammad gave his final sermon and where the day of judgement will take place. Hajjis pray while hoping to be forgiven for their sins

100
Q

What happens at muzdalifa?

A

At muzdalifa, stones are collected which are used the following day to throw at three stone pillars, representing the devil. This shows they reject the devil.

101
Q

What is Id-ul-Adha?

A

The feast of sacrifice, eaten by all Muslims not just those completing Hajj.
Celebrates when ibrahim had a dream which he believed was a message from allah, telling him to sacrifice his son. The devil tempted him saying he should disobey.

102
Q

Why is Id-ul-Adha important?

A

The day marks the climax of Hajj

Reminds them of ibrahim’s faith and obedience.

103
Q

What is lesser jihad?

A

The outer struggle to defend Islam

104
Q

How is lesser jihad done?

A

Sometimes called holy war with the rules like:
-must be in defence of allah
-no harm must be done
-peace must be restored
-mercy must be shown
Islam teaches that lesser jihad does not justify terrorism

105
Q

What is greater jihad?

A

The inner struggle to be a good Muslim and improve spirituality

106
Q

How is greater jihad done?

A
  • follow five pillars
  • forgive others
  • work for social justice
  • study the Quran
  • help those in need
  • avoid negative qualities
  • avoid temptation
107
Q

What is Mina in Hajj?

A

The place where stones are thrown at the devil pillars

108
Q

What is Id-ul-Fitr?

A

A celebration of the completion of sawm (fasting). A time of thanksgiving to allah

109
Q

Why is Id-ul-Fitr important?

A

Encourages communities to get along with events such as fun fairs and enables members of other faiths to get involved

110
Q

What is Ashura?

A

A solemn day celebrated by the Shi’a community that commemorates the death of Hussein, Ali’s son. Muslims wear black and plays are held to recount the events that’ lead to his death

111
Q

Why is ashura important?

A

It’s a reminder of the suffering Shi’a Muslims have experienced as they’ve been persecuted as a minority

112
Q

Why are there set times and movements for salah?

A

Salah encourages self-discipline and keeps Muslims in close contact with allah
It connects Muslims as they are all equal in their worship of god

113
Q

What must be done before prayer?

A

Wudu- to be physically and spiritually clean before prayer
Face Makkah- mihrab marks the direction of prayer in a mosque.
Niyyah- conscious intention to pray, setting aside time for Allah

114
Q

How do Sunni and Shi’a methods of prayer differ?

A

Sunni Muslims only combine the five daily prayers if they have a good reason to
Shi’a Muslims have more freedom and may combine some prayers such as midday and afternoon ones- may only pray 3 times a day.
Shi’a Muslims sometimes use natural elements like clay and rocks to rest their heads on to feel what it would have been like to pray.

115
Q

What is jummah?

A

Communal prayers on Fridays just after noon. Creates a feeling of unity. Men are obligated but women may choose to pray at home

116
Q

What does each prayer cycle (rak’ah) include?

A

Saying Allahu Akbar, meaning “god is great”

117
Q

What are the movements of prayer?

A

Bowing, kneeling, prostration while reciting prayers to god

118
Q

Why do Muslims pray 5 times a day?

A
  • Religious duty
  • love and thankfulness to allah
  • purification of the soul
119
Q

Quote for closeness of god

A

“He is closer than your jugular vein”

120
Q

Do angels have free will?

A

No

121
Q

Over how many years is the Quran revealed?

A

Over 23 years

122
Q

Regular prayer quote

A

Remember god often so that you may prosper

123
Q

Importance of salah

A
  • discipline

- closeness to god and always thinking of god

124
Q

Importance of angels

A
  • being watched over, never alone

- connection to god

125
Q

Importance of prayer movements

A
  • submission to god Islam means submission to god

- discipline

126
Q

Is prayer as important for men and women

A
  • compulsory for men to attend jummah

- women can pray at home or at mosque prayer can be done at any time and no rakahs are involved

127
Q

Are prayers at the mosque or home more important?

A
  • for men maybe, missing four Fridays is considered loss of belief
  • home prayer is more personal, god is always willing to listen and can be more personal, asking for guidance.
128
Q

What are du’as?

A

Asking allah for particular guidance or help or thanking him for his blessings

129
Q

Importance of khums

A
  • 1 of 10 obligatory acts

- helps those in need

130
Q

Influence of Hajj

A
  • feel united as a community ummah, Ihram, all dress the same equal to god
  • closer to god and have experienced
131
Q

What is the process of Hajj?

A

Ihram
Tawaf
Zamzam well
Hills of safa and marwah
Mount Arafat, where Muhammad gave last sermon, where day of judgement will happen
Spend night in valley between Arafat and Mina, muzdalifa collect pebbles
Mina stone devil pillars
Id ul adha celebration of ibrahim’s sacrifice

132
Q

Lesser jihad quote:

A

“Fight in god’s cause… but do not overstep the limits”
“Are permitted to take up arms because they have been wronged”
“If they do fight you, kill them, but if they stop, god is forgiving and merciful”

133
Q

Which is more important, greater or lesser jihad?

A

-both found in the Quran but greate jihad stressed more
-Muhammad fought in holy wars, but supported greater jihad as most important
May be occasions where allah is threatened

134
Q

Why are festivals important?

A
  • give a sense of identity and bring people together
  • remember past events and important people, strengthens faith
  • grow closer to god
135
Q

Importance of Eid ul fitr

A

Celebrates god having helped them through fasting

136
Q

Ashura

A

Sunni,a day of fasting and remember Moses saving israelites

Shi’a, mourning to remember death of Muhammad’s grandson

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