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Pakistan CSS > Muslim Reformers > Flashcards

Muslim Reformers Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Sheikh Sirhindi’s master?

A

Baqi Billah

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2
Q

What is Wahdat al Wujood?

A

That there is just one being, and the creature and the creator are not separate from eachother. This nullifies the concept of jaza and saza; Rehman and Ram, Quran and Paran all become one.

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3
Q

Period of Sheikh Ahmad:

A

1564-1624

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4
Q

What movement joined Wahdat ul Wujood? Describe it

A

Bhagti Movement by Ramanand and one of his 12 Chailas - Baba Guru Nanak

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5
Q

Explain the BS of Akbar:

A
  1. Amalgamation of religions in 1581 called Deen i Ilahi
  2. Non-Muslims were given power
  3. Musalmano k mazhab ka mazaq urawa; denial of wahi
  4. Hindu matromony
  5. Shaikh Sirhindi was jailed
  6. Wine, gambling, interest, pork, Hindu-Muslim marriages, worship of fire and Sun
  7. Himself (through Taj ul Arifieen) Zille Ilahi, Insan e Kamil
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6
Q

Actions of Shaikh Ahmad:

A
  1. Wrote letters reminding of glorious Muslim past
  2. Made alliances with AbdurRahim, Farid Bukhari, Sadr Jahan, Khan Jahan, Islam Khan and Mahabat Khan
  3. Towards Akbar’s death he himself abandoned Din i Ilahi
  4. Refused Sajda e Tazeemi
  5. Preached to the soldiers of Jehangir
  6. Taught Prince Khurram
  7. Saved Islam from being absorbed in Hinduism
  8. Dreamt of a revival of Islamic govt.
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7
Q

Years of Shah Wali Ullah

A

1703-1762

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8
Q

Real name of Shah Wali Ullah

A

Qutubuddin Ahmad Waliullah bin Abdur Rahim Dehlavi; aka Muhaddas Dehlvi

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9
Q

Achievements:

A
  1. Completed Quran at 7;
  2. At 15 completed fiqah, hadees and tafseer
  3. At 17 his father died he taught hadees
  4. Went for Hajj (14 months)
  5. Invited Ahmad Shah Abdali to invade India and fight the Marathas
  6. Awakening, Organising and educating the Muslims
  7. Jihad bil Qalam
  8. Translated Holy Quran into Persian (had to run away from Delhi because of hatred and animosity)
  9. Forbade blind following
  10. Application of Ijtehad
  11. Made a Majlis to contact Muslim rulers, ulema and Sufisand got Najibudaula on his side
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10
Q

Problems facing Mughals at the time of Shah Wali Ullah

A
  1. Army was dispersed
  2. Landlords had become independent
  3. Elite class was despondent
  4. El Nino
  5. No writ of government
  6. Heavy taxation on the poor
  7. Nadir Shah (1739); Jutts, Marathas, Sikhs attacked
  8. Muslims were becoming slaves
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11
Q

Shah Wali Ullah’s unfulfilled dreamed

A
  1. Provoked the thought of Jihad

2. Replace malookiyat with khilafat

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12
Q

Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barailvi’s tenure:

A

1786 - 1831

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13
Q

Describe SASB work in one sentence:

A

Revolutionary, Islamic activist in India, designated Ameer Ul Momineen for a movement that was religious, military and political.

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14
Q

Who was SASB major influencer?

A

Shah Abdul Aziz bin Shah Wali Ullah

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15
Q

Achievements of SASB

A
  1. Established personal connections
  2. Established an Islamic state in Peshawar
  3. Killed by Sikhs in a treacherous attack in Balakot
  4. Taught Abdul Hayy and Shah Ismail
  5. Populist, took evangelicalism to the masses instead of the elite
  6. Countered Ranjit Singh’s expansion in the east
  7. Performed the Hajj in 1821-23
  8. Tariqa e Muhammadiya (against superstition and political degradation against British rule)
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16
Q

Problems faced by SASB:

A
  1. Amir Khan’s militia made peace with the British in return of estate (for SASB this was treachery)
  2. Did not understand the Pakhtun culture and got a revolt in Peshawar, forcing him to migrate to Kashmir and environs
  3. 200 Mujahideen were killed in Peshawar
  4. Multiple organised local rebellions
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17
Q

What are the two categories of Muslims:

A

Ashrafia and Ajlafia

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18
Q

Hindu revivalist movements:

A
  1. Bhakti Movement;
  2. Brahmo Samaj
  3. RSS
  4. Swadeshi
  5. Arya Samaj (1875) by Saraswati
    6.
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19
Q

Who was the main reformer after SASB?

A

Haji Shariatullah in Bengali rural peasants called Faraizi;

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20
Q

What was the Muslim response to the Shuddhi movement?

A

Maulana Ilyas’s Tablighi Jamaat: “Ae Musalmao, Musalan Bano”

and 6 articles: 1. Kalima 2. Nazam 3. Ilm 4. Zikr 5. Ikram e Muslim 6. Ikhlas e Niyyat

21
Q

What are the two categories of Muslim political movements during the reformation?

A
  1. Religious and Apolitical

2. Educational and political

22
Q

What were the causes of the 1857 Mutiny?

A

I. General: i- A general outburst against EIC aggressions and excesses; ii- “Cultural Invasions” like telegraph, railways, etc.; iii- Sir Syed argues there was a lack of communication forum to hear local grievances like a legislature; iv- British Naked Expansionism [Doctrine of Lapse, Annexation of Sindh 1843]

II. Specific: i- The rumour in Meerut and Dum Dum (Calcutta) of animal fat in the cartridges; ii- Military reforms like Overseas Service; iii- Foreign superiors and slow promotions; iv- Missionary activities; v- Condemnation of Hindu Religion; vi- Bias against Muslims; vii- Fiscal Policy of excessive taxation

23
Q

Was the Mutiny an unforeseen event?

A

For some of the British, yes.

But in hindsight, no. It was not unforeseen.

24
Q

Weaknesses of the Indian side in the War of 1857:

A

1-Lack of Leadership [Bahadur Shah was old; Mangal Pandey was crazy; Jhansi ki Rani was alone; 21 Princely States depended on the British for their survival]
2- Lack of equipment: Many mutineers were decommissioned sepoys; weapons were largely stolen reserves
3- Limited scope of the revolt: Of the 3 EIC armies in India, only half of the Bengal Presidency rebelled
4- Financial constraits
5- Internal conspiracies and disloyalties

25
Q

Strengths of the British:

A

1- No external threats
2- Princely allies
3- Rebellion was limited in areas, surrounded by loyal forces
4- Uninterrupted supply of weapons
5- Used sociology, psychology and diplomacy

26
Q

What were the general impacts of the War of 1857:

A
  1. English Domination
  2. End of the EIC
  3. Abolition of Doctrine of Lapse
  4. Constitutional Development
  5. Change in British Attitude
  6. Economic losses
  7. Muslims suffered disproportionately as their rule ended, Mughals were overthrown, British despised them, they lost their cultural and social hegemony
27
Q

Leaders of the Aligarh Movement:

A

Hali; Shibli; MohsinulMulk; Viqarul Mulk; Deputy Nazir Ahmed; Ali Bilgirami; Chiragh Ali

28
Q

Religious Services of the Aligarh Movement:

A

Khutbaat e Ahmadiya; Muslim Unity; Tafseer e Quran that was contemporary;
Response to Bill Muir’s book;

29
Q

Objectives of the Aligarh Movement:

A
  1. Regain Muslim dignity, education, social status;
  2. Improve Muslim economy
  3. Get access for Muslims to the British
  4. Arranging religious organisation, education and loyalty towards the British
30
Q

Political Services of the the Aligarh Movement:

A

Apolitical, non-partisan Muslim revivalism; Hindu-Muslim coexistence without assimilation; Asbab e Baghawat e Hind; British-indian Association and Mohammedan Educational Conference of 1866; local ICS examination rules; Mohammedan Defence Organisation; Two- Nation Theory

31
Q

Educational Services of the Aligarh Movement:

A

Muradabad School - 1859; Ghazipur - 1863; MAO College 1875/77 [Lord Lytton, Prof Arnold, Prof. Archbold, Prof. Walter Raleigh];
Scientific Society 1864
Aligarh Institute Gazette

32
Q

Literary Services

A 
Asraar ul Sanadeed (History)
Aayeen e Akbari (Abu Fazl)
Ahkam e Tuam Ahl e Kitab (Muslim policy to British)
Khutbat e Ahmadiyya
Tafseer e Quran
Risala Tehzeeb ul Ikhlaq
Tabaen ul Kalam
33
Q

Achievements of Sir Syed:

A 
1877 - Imperial Council
Educational Council
Public Service Commission
LLD from Edinburg
Legislative Council
Sir for saving the women and children at Cawnpore
34
Q

Effects of Aligarh:

A

Removal of Mistrust
Muslim mainstreaming, education, employment, economic prosperity
Saving Urdu and Muslim culture
Pakistan [Muslim political awareness and Two-Nation theory]
Evolution of Muslim Leadership

35
Q

Who founded Masrasah Deoband?

A

Fazalur Rehman f/o Shabbir Ahmad Usmani and Molvi Zulfiqar f/o Mehboob ul Hasan in Deoband on 30th May 1867

36
Q

Important personalities of the Deoband Movement:

A 
Shabbir A Usmani
Mehmood ul Hassan
Syed Abid Hussain
Yaqoob Nanwatvi
Qasim Nanwatvi
37
Q

Objectives of Deoband:

A

Religious education
Publish material
Movement

38
Q

Achievements of Deoband:

A

Blah Blah
Daar ul Fataa
Urdu translation and tafseer of the Quran
Book of Seerat by Ashraf Ali Thanvi
Countered Hindu movements
Thanvi and Usmani encouraged political participation and men like Mehmood ul Hasan played a role in the freedom movement

39
Q

What was peculiar to Nadwatul Ulema that set it apart from both Aligarh and Madrasah Deoband?

A

Nadwa was a fusion of religious and secular education; this balanced contemporary materialism with idealistic spiritualism

40
Q

Who were the leaders of the Nadwatul Ulema:

A

Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Mehmood ul Hasan and Shibli Naumani

41
Q

What are other institutions

A

Jamia Millia Islamia:
Sindh Madrassah
Islamia College
Himayat e Islam

42
Q

Jamia Millia had a philosophy of…

A

knowledge for the sake of knowledge

43
Q

Who started Jamia Millia

A

Mohammad Ali Johar

44
Q

Who was the Anjuman E Himayat e Islam against?

A

Arya Samaj and Christian Missionary

45
Q

Islamic College founded on and by?

A

By Sahibzada Abdul Qayoom in Oct 1913 via Sir Roos Keppel

46
Q

Who contributed the most to the Islamia College:

A

Mohammad Zaman - 1 lac and Bibi Gul of Prang and Nizam sent 1.5 lac

47
Q

Who laid the foundations?

A

Haji Sahib of Turangzai (allowed by Sir Roos-Keppel)

48
Q

When was Islamia College opened?

A

Sahibzada Khurshid on 1st Oct 1913

49
Q

What was the will of the Quaid:

A

All my residuary estate including the corpus… I bequeath one part to Aligarh University, one part to Islamia ollege Peshawar and one part to Sindh Madrassa of Karachi

Pakistan CSS (10 decks)

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