Muskuloskeletal Flashcards
What is osteoporosis?
Low bone mass, causing bone fragility
Sx of osteoporosis
Frequent fractures
Weight loss
Back pain
Kyphosis
Suggested screening for osteoporosis
For women once at 65 and again 15 years later
Not recommended for men
Calcium recommendations
Women 19-50 and men 19-70: 1000 mg/day
Women 51+ and men 71+: 1200 mg/day
Assessment findings for herniated lumbar disc
Low back pain radiating down to knee following sciatic nerve
Positive straight leg raise (raise leg while supine. Positive if pain in back or leg at 30–70 degrees)
Reduced reflexes
Paresthesia
Muscle weakness
Complication of herniated lumbar disc
cauda equina syndrome (emergency - compression of cauda equina nerve root which provides sensation to legs and bladder)
Proper body mechanics for herniated lumbar disc
Avoid extreme flexion and torsion
Avoid lifting, twisting, and stooping
Support with brace. Begin strength exercises
Use thighs and knees to absorbe shock
Sx of acute osteomyelitis
General sx:
fever
chills
night sweats
nausea
Restlessness
fatigue
Local sx:
Constaint pain that is worse with activity
swelling, tenderness, warmth
restricted movement
drainage
Sx of chronic osteomyelitis
General sx go away but localized sx become worse and can lead to septicemia, amyloidosis, death
Treatment of acute osteomyelitis
Aggressive IV antibiotics with a CVAD for 4-6 weeks followed by PO antibiotics for up to 3-6 months
Cultures and bone biopsies before starting abx
Surgical debridement
Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis
Surgical debridement of necrotic tissue
Extended use of antibiotics
PO ciprofloxacin for adults for 6-8 weeks rather than IV
Beads containing abx implanted
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy to promote new bone growth
Possible amputation
Risks of antibiotic use
C. diff
Candida
cephalosporins: severe diarrhea, mouth sores, allergic reactions
fluoroquinolones: tenon rupture, phototoxicity
Technique for turning patient after spine surgery
Log roll (interlocking arms and supporting head)
