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Acadeca Music > Music Section 1 > Flashcards

Music Section 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some practices advocated by Genevan psalm-writer Jean Calvin?

A
  1. Protestants should sing as a congregation
  2. No instruments!
  3. Native Language (not Latin)
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2
Q

What are psalters?

A

Retranslated psalms usually containing only poetry

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3
Q

Where did the “ill-fated Huguenots” bring the 1562 edition of the Genevan psalter?

A

Florida

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4
Q

Where was Sternhold and Hopkins Psalter of 1562 brought to?

A

Also known as the “Old Psalter”, it was first brought to Jamestown, Virginia

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5
Q

How many melodies were needed to accommodate for 150 psalm translations?

A

17… just like my AGE!

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6
Q

What psalter did the Pilgrims bring in 1620?

A

Ainsworth Psalter

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7
Q

How many different meters were employed in the Ainsworth Psalter?

A

15

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8
Q

When did the Puritans establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony in Boston?

A

1630

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9
Q

Due to the dissatisfaction of the psalms the sang, what publication arose from a team of thirty ministers?

A

The Whole Booke of Psalmes Faithfully translated into English Metre

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10
Q

What was the nickname of “The Whole Booke of Psalmes Faithfully translated into English Metre”?

A

Bay Psalm Book

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11
Q

How many meters were needed for the initial “Bay Psalm Book”?

A

6

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12
Q

How many subsequent editions of “Bay Psalm Book” were published over the next 120 years?

A

30

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13
Q

What is a special milestone of the ninth edition of the Bay Psalm Book issued in 1698?

A

The appended tunes were the first notated music printed in the northern colonies!!!!!

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14
Q

What was Thomas Walter’s main concern about lining-out?

A

The congregation couldn’t sing very well!!!

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15
Q

Which minister published a sermon against the “Usual Way”?

A

Thomas Symmes in 1720 notated that in visits to three churches, he heard radically different versions of the same tunes

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16
Q

What was so-called “Regular Singing”?

A

Musical literacy

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17
Q

Who wrote “An Introduction to the Singing of Psalm Tunes”?

A

John Tufts in 1721

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18
Q

Who wrote “The Grounds and Rules of Musick, Explained; or, An Introduction to the Art of Singing by Note”?

A

Thomas Walter in (yet AGAIN) 1721

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19
Q

Who PUBLISHED “The Grounds and Rules of Musick, Explained; or, An Introduction to the Art of Singing by Note”?

A

James Franklin, who was Benjamin’s older half-brother

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20
Q

How many tunes did Tuft’s fifth edition contain? …….. Remember, Tufts wrote “An Introduction to the Singing of Psalm Tunes”.

A

37

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21
Q

Who published “Southwel New”?

A

Either Thomas Walter himself in Grounds and Rules of Musick, or someone in his circle

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22
Q

William Byrd the younger did what?

A

noted in his diary that he and his wife attended sessions to sing psalms

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23
Q

How would a singing school teacher advertise their school?

A

Publishing a broadside

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24
Q

What year did James Lyon publish Urania, a 198-page volume of psalm-tunes?

A

1761

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25
Q

What are hymns?

A

Strophic, religious texts not scriptual in origin

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26
Q

What are set pieces?

A

Compositions designed to support a particular (non-strophic) sacred poem

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27
Q

How many compositions were in Urania?

A

96 (just like the number of Indians murdered in the Gnadenhutten Massacre?)

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28
Q

“The New-England Psalm-Singer” reached what milestone?

A

The first New World publication devoted entirely to works by a single American-born composer

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29
Q

What profession was William Billings also?

A

A tanner in Boston

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30
Q

How many fuging tunes did Billings include in “The Singing Master’s Assistant” (1778)?

A

10

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31
Q

Where did Daniel Read relocate to after leaving the Continental Army as a private?

A

New Haven, Connecticut

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32
Q

What was the first published music periodical in America?

A

The American Music Magazine in 1786

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33
Q

What else was Daniel Read (his daytime profession)?

A

A shopkeeper

34
Q

The American Singing Book was what?

A

The second American-composed volume containing new compositions solely by one person

35
Q

Who composed “The Columbian Harmonist”

A

Daniel Read

36
Q

To what did Daniel Read pirate several compositions?

A

The Worcester Collection

37
Q

Where did Andrew Law request new federal copyright laws, reusing the Statute of Anne?

A

The Connecticut General Assembly

38
Q

The key of ___ was set by Read in Sherburne

A

D

39
Q

On the cadence of the word “ground”, which note is omited as the third of the chord?

A

C#, giving the chord an archaic feel

40
Q

Segno indicates what?

A

The start of a polyphonic phrase

41
Q

What is the overall form of Sherburne?

A

A (plain tune) B B (the fuging + repetition)

42
Q

The Anglican Church was supported in taxes by which colonies?

A

Carolinas, Georgia, and Virginia

43
Q

Where was the first known pipe organ installation in a colonial church?

A

Boston 1714

44
Q

The original name of the Moravian Church is what?

A

Unitas Fratrum “Unity of the Brethren”, originating in the Czech Republic

45
Q

When did the Moravian Church nearly collapse?

A

The Thirty Year’s War in 1618-48

46
Q

Which nobleman encouraged the performance of hymns, leading the Moravian brethren in missionary efforts?

A

Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf

47
Q

Which of the thirteen original colonies was founded last?

A

Georgia, which served as a buffer between Florida and the Carolinas

48
Q

Who founded Georgia?

A

James Edward Oglethorpe, a progressive leader who drove the Act of 1735, which forbade slavery

49
Q

The “Collection of Psalms and Hymns” in 1737 was the first ___ ___ in colonial America, and published by ___

A

Anglican hymnal; John Wesley

50
Q

Where was the Moravians’ first mission?

A

Georgia, which failed, but they had much better success in Bethlehem, Penn, and Salem, North Carolina.

51
Q

What was the first book of any sort published in the English colonies?

A

“The Whole Booke of Psalmes Faithfully translated
into English Metre” (aka “Bay Psalm Book”)

52
Q

Where was the Ephrata Cloister, a German-speaking sect, established?

A

Pennsylvania

53
Q

What does “Ephrata” mean?

A

Beautiful

54
Q

Who established the Ephrata Cloister?

A

Conrad Beissel

55
Q

What did Beissel think about Lutheranism?

A

It was too lax

56
Q

What is pietism?

A

Individual devotion with careful attention to Biblical teachings… Beissel adopted this

57
Q

When did Beissel emigrate to America?

A

1720, a year before Tufts wrote “The Whole Booke of Psalmes Faithfully translated into English Metre”

58
Q

Who printed Beissel’s 1730 hymnal texts?

A

Benjamin Franklin

59
Q

What is a monastic society?

A

Men and women live apart from each other

60
Q

What were “housekeepers” in the context of the Ephrata Cloister?

A

Married families that attended Ephrata services, but did not partake in other customs (i.e. celibacy)

61
Q

Define what was worn by Ephrata members

A

tonsures—a shaved patch on the top of
the skull—along with all-white garments.

62
Q

What was the spiritual name of Beissel?

A

Father Friedsam Gottrecht (“Peaceable, Right with God”)

63
Q

When did Beissel die?

A

1768 :(

64
Q

Who were the German Seventh Day
Baptists”

A

Reorganized householder families of the Ephrata Cloister

65
Q

Who issued the 1739 Ephrata collection?

A

Christoph Sauer

66
Q

What was the first product of the Ephrata’s printing press?

A

Das Gesang der einsamen und verlassenen Turtel-
Taube, nemlich der christlichen Kirche (aka Turtle-Taube)

67
Q

What was the point of creating a scriptorium for hymnals?

A

Since their printed hymnals contained only text, they needed accompanying manuscript (handwritten) music

68
Q

Who was responsible for creating the manuscripts for the Ephrata Cloister?

A

The sisterhood

69
Q

What does the title of the 1746 Ephrata Codex read?

A

Die Bittre Süse (“The Bitter-Sweet”)

70
Q

Who gave the Ephrata codex to Benjamin Franklin in 1771?

A

Peter Miller

71
Q

Who, in turn, did Franklin give the codex to?

A

John Wilkes, an English member of Parliament who was sympathetic to the Patriot cause

72
Q

What place was given the codex by the antiquarian?

A

The Library of Congress

73
Q

Christopher Herbert made what exciting discovery in his 2017 dissertation of the Ephrata Cloister?

A

Some women composed the music (Oh look. Women!)

74
Q

Who was Brother Jaebez?

A

Peter Miller (who later gave this codex to Franklin)

75
Q

What other Sister Foben piece does the codex contain?

A

“Formier, mein Töpffer” (“Give Shape to Me, My Potter”).120

76
Q

Which of the following voices was the melody in Beissel’s works? Tenor, Soprano, Bass, Alto, or Double-bass

A

Soprano: instead of relying on the bass line, which normally governs common-practice tonality

77
Q

What did Beissel call the notes of the tonic triad?

A

“Masters”

78
Q

Who was the poet for “Die sanfte Bewegung”?

A

Christian Friedrich Richter, a German Pietist,

79
Q

Where did the Ephrata Cloister had already published Richter’s poem?

A

the 1739 hymn collection Zionitscher Weyrauchs Hügel (“Incense from the Hill of Zion”), printed by Sauer.

80
Q

What did Sister Foben choose as the “master” chord for “Die sanfte Bewegung”?

A

F major

81
Q

Where and when was the performance of listening example 2 made?

A

recorded at Ephrata in 2019, in the actual building in which the hymn was originally performed.

Acadeca Music (3 decks)

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