MUSIC'S HISTORY & GENRE Flashcards
The main periods of the history of music.
- Medieval Period (700-1400)
- Renaissance Period (1400-1600)
- Baroque Period (1685-1750)
- Classical Period (1732-1827)
- Romantic Period (1820-1910)
The Medieval Period is also known as?
Middle Ages or Dark Ages
The Medieval Period started with the fall of _____ Empire.
Roman
They influenced Europe’s culture and political affairs during this time.
Christian Church
This was named after Pope Gregory 1, who made this the approved music of the Catholic Church.
Monophonic plainchant
Characteristics of Gregorian Chants
- Monophonic
- Free meter
- Modal
- Usually based on Latin liturgy
- Use of Neume notation
Characteristics of Troubadour Music
- Usually, monophonic
- Sometimes with improvised accompaniment
- Tells the chivalry and courtly love
- Originated in France
- Written in the French Language
Famous composer during the Medieval Period.
Adam De La Halle or Adam le Bossu (Adam the Hunchback)
- son of a well-known citizen or Arras, Henri dela Halle
Works of Adam De La Halle.
- Le Jeu Robin et de Marion
- La Chanson du roi de Sicile
This period of “looking back” to the Golden Age of Greece and Rome. Renaissance Music became popular as entertainment and activity for amateurs and the educated.
Renaissance Period (1400-1600)
The term Renaissance comes from the word ______
“renaitre”
renaitre means?
“rebirth”
“revival”
“rediscovery”
The prominent instrument during the Renaissance Period.
Lute
Characteristics of Renaissance Music
- Mostly polyphonic
- Imitation among the voices is common
- Use of word painting in texts and music
- Melodic lines move in a flowing manner
A form of sacred musical composition that sets texts of the Eucharistic liturgy into music.
Mass
Characteristics of Mass
- Polyphonic
- May be using a capella or with orchestral accompaniment
- Text may be syllabic, neumatic or melismatic
Famos Composers during the Renaissance Period.
- Giovanni Pierluigi Da Palestrina
- Thomas Morley
He was the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church music. Majority of his composition is sacred music.
Giovanni Pierluigi Da Palestrina
The most famous composer of secular music in his time. He was a singer in the local cathedral during his childhood and was believed to have studied music with William Byrd.
Thomas Morley
The word Baroque is derived from the Portuguese word ____
“barroco”
Barocco means?
Pearl of Irregular Shape
During the Baroque Period, the arts highlighted ____ and ______ ornamentation.
grandiose and elaborate
New _____ and changes in _____ were also developed during Baroque period.
instrument techniques
musical notation
Characteristics of Baroque Music
- Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental
- Melodies are not easy to sing or remember
- Dynamic contrast – Alteration between loud and soft
This is the alteration between loud and soft
Dynamic Contrast
The famous composers during the Baroque Period
- Johann Sebastian Bach
- Antonio Vivaldi
- George Friedrich Handel
He came from a family of musicians. He has a beautiful soprano singing voice helped him to be accepted at a school in Luneberg.
Johann Sebastian Bach
This composer’s nickname was il Prete Rosso (‘The Red Priest”) because of his red hair.
Antonio Vivaldi
The most famous piece of Antonio Vivaldi.
The Four Seasons
England’s favorite composer. The Messiah is his most famous creation and the very well known chorus part of it is the “Hallelujah”`
George Friedrich Handel
The Classical Period is also known as?
Age of Reason
During the Classical Period, the cultural life was dominated by the _____, as patrons of musicians and artists generally influenced the arts. Significant changes in musical forms and styles were made.
aristocracy
The famous composers during the Classical Period.
- Franz Joseph Haydn
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Ludwig Van Beethoven
Most prominent composers of the Classical Period. His life is described as a “rags-to-riches” story. His music reflects his character and personality: mainly calm, balanced, and serious but with touches of humor.
Franz Joseph Haydn
Most of Franz Joseph Haydn’s symphonies have nicknames such as?
“Surprise Symphony”
“The Clock”
“The Military”
He was a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical history. He composed wonderful concertos, symphonies and operas such as “The Marriage of Figaro”, ”Don Giovanni”, “The Magic Flute”.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
He was the composer who bridged the late Classical Era and the Early Romantic Era. His work includes the “Missa Solemnis” and “Fidelino”
Ludwig Van Beethoven
The cultural movement that stressed emotion, imagination, individualism, and freedom of expression.
Romantic Period
______ was also incorporated into the music of the Romantic Period.
Nationalism
Piano music of the Romantic Period is in the ______ such as fantasy, rhapsody, ballade, and nocturne.
free form
Program music of the Romantic Period was expressed in _____ such as Symphony Fantastique.
tone poems
The most famous violin virtuoso in the world.
Niccolo Peganini
Works of Niccolo Peganini includes:
o La Campanella
o Caprices for Solo Violin
o Concerto no. 1
o The Carnival of Venice
Works of Niccolo Peganini includes:
o La Campanella
o Caprices for Solo Violin
o Concerto no. 1
o The Carnival of Venice
Most of the compositions require a high level of virtuosity. Some were reinventions of sonatas and the Classical Era. Some _____ compositions from the Romantic period have been adapted into songs.
piano
The Poet of the Piano
He composed almost primarily for the piano and some of the well-known compositions are fantasies
Frederic Chopin
Chopin is famous for the following:
Ballade
Etude
Mazurka
Nocturne
Polonaise
Prelude
Waltz
Impromptu
Scherzo
Sonata
A verse form or narrative that is set to music.
Ballade
A piece composed for the development of a specific technique.
Etude
A Polish dance in triple time signature.
Mazurka
An instrumental composition of a pensive, dreamy mood, for the piano.
Nocturne
A slow Polish dance in triple time that consists of a march or procession.
Polonaise
A short piece of music that can be used as a preface, and introduction to another work or may stand on its own.
Prelude
A German dance in triple meter.
Waltz
A short free-form musical composition usually for a solo instrument, like the piano.
Impromptu
A musical movement of playful character, typically in ABA form.
Scherzo
Composition for one or more solo instruments usually consisting of three or four independent movements varying in key, mood, and tempo.
Sonata
His work is best described as “virtuosity”. He was known for his symphonic poems which he translated into great literary works into a musical composition.
Franz List
Famous romantic composers that beautifully combined music and words. He founded the musical journal, “Jornal Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik”
Robert Schumann
List of Music Genres
- Alternative Music
- Children’s Music
- Classical Music
- Commercial Music
- Country Music
- Electronic Music
- Hip-Hop/Rap
- Holiday
- Indie Pop
- Christian and Gospel Music
- Jazz Music
- Latin Jazz
- Rock Music
- New Age Music
Music that is produced by performers who are outside the musical mainstream, that is typically regarded as more eclectic, original, or challenging than most popular music (such as conventional rock, pop, or country), and that is often distributed by independent record labels.
Alternative Music
Songs for kids like lullabies sing-along and stories.
Children’s Music
Serious or conventional music following long-established principles rather than a folk, jazz, or popular tradition.
Classical Music
Music for commercials or advertisements.
Commercial Music
A form of popular music originating in the rural southern US. It is traditionally a mixture of ballads and dance tunes played characteristically on fiddle, guitar, steel guitar, drums, and keyboard.
Country Music
Music performed using synthesizers and other electronic instruments.
Electronic Music
Rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rap also: rap together with this music.
Hip-Hop/Rap
Is a music genre and subculture that combines guitar pop with DIY ethics in opposition to the style and tone of mainstream pop music.
Indie Pop
Music for religions or beliefs.
Christian and Gospel Music
A type of music of black American origin characterized by improvisation, syncopation, and usually a regular or forceful rhythm, emerging at the beginning of the 20th century.
Jazz Music
A style of music that blends rhythms and percussion instruments of Cuba and the Spanish Caribbean with jazz and its fusion of European and African musical elements.
Latin Music
A form of popular music that evolved from rock and roll and pop music during the mid and late 1960s.
Rock Music
A style of chiefly instrumental music characterized by light melodic harmonies, improvisation, and sounds reproduced from the natural world, intended to promote serenity.
New Age Music
Groups of musicians across Europe.
Troubadours
