Music: pages 38-40

Question 1

What is a “style period” or “era”?

Answer 1

When a majority of composers are writing music in similar ways

Question 2

What were the broad eras of music, and how many are there?

Answer 2

6;

1) Medieval period, 800-1400, during the Middle Ages
2) Renaissance period, 1400-1600
3) Baroque period, 1750
4) Classical period, ~1750-1800/1830
5) Romantic period, 1800/1830-end of the century
6) “Modernism”, start of the 20th century-present (disagreement over what to call it)

Question 3

Who or what led the development of musical notation systems?

Answer 3

the Catholic church, because they wanted to standardize music across the far-flung Holy Roman Empire

Question 4

What was rising as the power of the Church was falling

Answer 4

Humanism

Question 5

Why is the end of the Baroque placed at 1750?

Answer 5

That was when Bach died

Question 6

What does “Baroque” mean?

Answer 6

misshapen or distorted

Question 7

What is a canon?

Answer 7

the “classics”

Question 8

What is post-Romanticism, and which notable composers practiced it?

Answer 8

It’s music that uses many of the features of 19th century music, like common-practice harmony w/ extended chords, emphasis on expressiveness and melodic flow, and a rich array of timbres, called tone colors, and combines these features with techniques from other eras.
Mahler, Strauss, Williams, and Rachmaninoff

Question 9

What are tone colors?

Answer 9

A rich array of timbres

Question 10

What effects did audience demand for the canon have?

Answer 10

Development of new opera companies, training programs, and a growth of the musical scene in Europe and especially North America

Question 11

Who was Leopold Stokowski?

Answer 11

conductor of the Philadelphia Orchestra; he was influential in shaping American tastes and emphasized European works

Question 12

What were some music conservatories that opened?

Answer 12

Peabody (Baltimore) in 1857
New England Conservatory (Boston) in 1867
Institute of Musical Art [today known as Juillard] (New York) in 1905

Question 13

What technological advancements led to a greater diversity in musical styles?

Answer 13

Creation of valves and pistons for brass instruments, improved key design for woodwinds, and iron frames for pianos. Also, new instruments like the piccolo, saxophone, and tuba were created.

Question 14

When did most of the technological developments occur that fundamentally altered the relationship between musicians and listeners?

Answer 14

early 20th century

Question 15

Who focused on developing wireless technology, and what did he focus on transmitting first?

Answer 15

Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi, and Morse code

Question 16

When did speech get transmitted for the first time?

Answer 16

December 23rd, 1900

Question 17

When were the first public radio broadcasts, who did them, and what was transmitted?

Answer 17

On January 12 and 13, 1910, two performances of New York’s Metropolitan Opera were transmitted by Lee De Forest, including the voice of legendary singer Enrico Caruso.

Question 18

What was the Radio Act of 1912 and what caused it?

Answer 18

It required all seagoing vessels to hire enough radio operators so that distress signals could be monitored continuously, and all US radio stations needed to be licensed by the federal gov’t. It was prompted by the 1912 Titanic tragedy, when the ship sent out an SOS signal, but the nearby ship SS Californian only had one radio operator, who was off-duty.

Question 19

When did commercial broadcasting begin?

Answer 19

1920

Question 20

When did the president ship down radio stations?

Answer 20

April 7th, 1917