Music: pages 38-40 Flashcards
What is a “style period” or “era”?
When a majority of composers are writing music in similar ways
What were the broad eras of music, and how many are there?
6;
1) Medieval period, 800-1400, during the Middle Ages
2) Renaissance period, 1400-1600
3) Baroque period, 1750
4) Classical period, ~1750-1800/1830
5) Romantic period, 1800/1830-end of the century
6) “Modernism”, start of the 20th century-present (disagreement over what to call it)
Who or what led the development of musical notation systems?
the Catholic church, because they wanted to standardize music across the far-flung Holy Roman Empire
What was rising as the power of the Church was falling
Humanism
Why is the end of the Baroque placed at 1750?
That was when Bach died
What does “Baroque” mean?
misshapen or distorted
What is a canon?
the “classics”
What is post-Romanticism, and which notable composers practiced it?
It’s music that uses many of the features of 19th century music, like common-practice harmony w/ extended chords, emphasis on expressiveness and melodic flow, and a rich array of timbres, called tone colors, and combines these features with techniques from other eras.
Mahler, Strauss, Williams, and Rachmaninoff
What are tone colors?
A rich array of timbres
What effects did audience demand for the canon have?
Development of new opera companies, training programs, and a growth of the musical scene in Europe and especially North America
Who was Leopold Stokowski?
conductor of the Philadelphia Orchestra; he was influential in shaping American tastes and emphasized European works
What were some music conservatories that opened?
Peabody (Baltimore) in 1857
New England Conservatory (Boston) in 1867
Institute of Musical Art [today known as Juillard] (New York) in 1905
What technological advancements led to a greater diversity in musical styles?
Creation of valves and pistons for brass instruments, improved key design for woodwinds, and iron frames for pianos. Also, new instruments like the piccolo, saxophone, and tuba were created.
When did most of the technological developments occur that fundamentally altered the relationship between musicians and listeners?
early 20th century
Who focused on developing wireless technology, and what did he focus on transmitting first?
Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi, and Morse code
When did speech get transmitted for the first time?
December 23rd, 1900
When were the first public radio broadcasts, who did them, and what was transmitted?
On January 12 and 13, 1910, two performances of New York’s Metropolitan Opera were transmitted by Lee De Forest, including the voice of legendary singer Enrico Caruso.
What was the Radio Act of 1912 and what caused it?
It required all seagoing vessels to hire enough radio operators so that distress signals could be monitored continuously, and all US radio stations needed to be licensed by the federal gov’t. It was prompted by the 1912 Titanic tragedy, when the ship sent out an SOS signal, but the nearby ship SS Californian only had one radio operator, who was off-duty.
When did commercial broadcasting begin?
1920
When did the president ship down radio stations?
April 7th, 1917
