music history exam Flashcards
composer of Vedro ‘l mio sol
cacccini
interesting about vedro ‘I mio sol
Solo madrigal with basso continuo, cadence every line
composer of Cruda Amarilli
Claudio Monteverdi
interesting about cruda Amarilli
example of seconda practica
fifth book of madrigals, text by Giovanni Guarini from Il pastor fido by 1605,
fashion was to accompany madrigals with basso continuo
composer of La musiche sopra l’Euridice
peri
interesting about Peri –La musiche sopra l’Euridice
oldest surviving opera
La musiche sopra l’Euridice scene names
Nel pur ardor, and Per quell vago boschetto
composer of Armide, Enfin il est en ma puissance
Jean Baptist Lully
interesting about Armide
Example of french Opera
composer of Orontea
cesti
why Orontea included
this style defines opera for the next century
composer of L’incoronazione di Poppea,
Monteverdi
composer of Dido and Aeneas,
Henry Purcell
reason for dido and Aeneas on the test
example of English opera
Lagrime mie composer
Strozzi
why Lagrime mie
example of a mid-17th century solo cantata using recitative, arioso and aria styles
O quam tu pulchra es composer
Gabrieli
why O quam tu pulchra es
motet was historically polyphonic, but Gabrieli uses the new monody style
recitativo imbastardito (hybrid recitative), more melodious recitative found in church musi
O lieber, Herre Gott composer
Schütz
-Schütz states in the preface of 381 the need to learn to write well contrapuntally without the basso continuo, before one can write in the ̈new Italian style. ̈ in 287 (solo version) he word paints a lot
Deus qui beatum Marcum composer
Gabrieli
Zefiro torna e di soavi accenti composer
Monteverdi
why Zefiro torna e di soavi accenti
example of chacona
Prelude in E major
Buxtehude
why Prelude in E major Buxtehude
early example of toccata
composer of Suite no 3 in A minor
Elisabeth Jacquet de la Guerre
why Suite no 3 in A minor Jacquet de la Guerre
example of French suit
prelude and fugue no 2 in C minor, composer
Bach
Op. 3, No. 2 Trio sonatas composer
Corelli
why trio sonatas
where example of classic -trio sonata (were common -2 violins and continuo)
sonata IV per il violino per sonar con due corde, composer
Marini
why sonata IV per il violino per sonar con due corde
example of solo instrument with basso continuo rising in popularity
who composed Schübler Chorales
Bach
why Schübler Chorales
example of church cantata
who composed Cantata 140,
Bach
why Bach Cantata 140,
example of chorale cantatas
who wrote St. Matthews passions
Bach
why St. Matthews passions
example of sacred oratorio
why Bach, Brandenburg concerto No. 5
example of concerto gross
who wrote The Four Seasons 1725
Vivaldi!
why The Four Seasons 1725
early example of program music and music as a descriptive tool
Paris quartet, no. 1 in G Major, composer
Telemann
composer 25th ordre (keyboard suite),
Couperin
why 25th ordre (keyboard suite),
example of dance music becoming more complex
Magnificat in G Minor, RV 610, composer
vivaldi
rinaldo : Scherzano sul tuo volto composer
handel
why Rinaldo
he first Italian language opera written specifically for the London stage
Giulio Cesare composer
Handel
why Giulio Cesare
one of the most performed baroque opera
Hippolyte et Aricie composer
Rameau
why Hippolyte et Aricie
example of French opera
Prima practica
Zarlino, Palestrina, style of the Renaissance, with strict counterpoint rules, polyphonic music
Seconda practica
Monteverdi, the “new” way of writing, all about word-painting, in places where the text asks for it, counterpoint rules can be broken for expressive means, includes polyphony and monody
Ostinato
Monteverdi, Repetitive bass figure, e.g. Lamento bass, for expressiveness, or to accommodate improvisation (e.g. Chiaccona)
Figured bass
any baroque composer, (from Monteverdi to Bach and in between) Notation system to indicate which intervals above the bass are to be played, forming the harmonies. The realization of the figured bass is free for the player to decide, as long as the right notes are present. Keyboard and plucked instruments
Madrigal cycles
Montverdi, Collection of madrigals with a common theme or story.
Opera
Montverdi, Händel, Lully, Theatrical work of which the text is (often) completely sung, with intrumentation, staging, acting etc. Invented around 1600 by the Florentine Camerata
Tragedie lyrique
Lully, Type of French opera, with tragic, mythological or epic content
masque
Jonson, English entertainment for important events combining dancing, speech and song.
Ritornello
a short instrumental refrain or interlude in a vocal and instrumental music. Bach
Concerto for few voices
few voices with basso continuo. Alessandro Grandi
Stile antico
Stile antico, is a term describing a manner of musical composition from the sixteenth century onwards that was historically conscious and traditional, as opposed to stile moderno, which adhered to more modern trends. Sacred music. Monteverdi
Doctrine of affections
based off of an ancient philosophy that viewed music as a stimulus which could cause a physical reaction. This theory influenced composers in the Baroque period and, how they composed music.
Intermedi
also called intermezzo. Theatrical/musical scene in between acts. Usually short. Giovanni Battista Pergolesi
Contrapuntal
composed of two or more relatively independent melodies sounded together. Bach
Meantone and just intonation
Meantone is a tuning system where the 3rds are more pure thus smaller fifths. Just intonation are the ideal ratios, forming a perfectly in-tune interval. Not possible to tune a fixed-tuning instrument (e.g. piano/harpsichord etc) in just intonation.
Equal temperament
A tuning system in which you divide the octave in twelve equal steps.
Florentine Camerata
group of intellectuals in renaissance Florence, who would gather in a basement and discuss intellectual trends in specially music and drama.
. Le nuove musiche
collection of monodies and songs for solo voice and continuo, published in 1602 in florence. Written in early baroque style in the seconda practica
Monody
solo vocal style with single melodic line, with instrumental accompaniment. Specifically for Italian songs of early 17th century. Very old indeed.
Stile concitato
agitated style developed by mr verdi himself. Quick repeated notes with long trills. Emotionally angry and agitated.
Organ chorale
composition based on chorale melody specifically in the context of the Lutheran church.
Organ chorale
composition based on chorale melody specifically in the context of the Lutheran church.
chorale prelude
is a short liturgical composition for organ using a chorale tune as its basis.
fugue –
contropuncual composition with first theme introduced in tonic, dux, and second theme introduced in beginning imitating the first with different notes called come.
Exposition
section of composition where composer himself presents many of the themes and ideas where he late will develop. Love this part.
. Episode
an ornamental or constrictive section added to the main elements of the composition (J.S. Bach)
trio sonata
sonata for two melody instruments and basso continuo ( Corelli, Telemann)
sonata da camera
composition for one or more melody instruments and Basso continuo. Several small pieces in the same key that are suitable for dancing. (Corelli, Heinrich Biber)
sonata da chiesa
instrumental work with four movements originally thought appropriate for church
passacaglia
instrumental musical composition consisting of variations usually on a ground bass in moderately slow triple metre. A dance (Johann Pachelbel, J.S.Bach)
chaconne
it is generally characterized by a short, repeating bass line or harmonic progression
French overture
Introduction to a ballet opera or suite. Two sections 1.dotted rhythms 2. Usually fugal (Lully, J.S. Bach, Handel)
italian overture
opening of an opera or oratorio 3 movement structure ( Scarlatti)
Baroque suite
A set of baroque dances that are usually in Binary Form AABB: Allemande (German dance,4/4, moderate tempo), Courante (French, ¾, moderate tempo), Sarabande (Spanish, stately dance,3/4), (Other optional dances), Gigue (English, 6/8 6/4, lively). (Bach)
Venetian school
referring to distinctive art and music created in the renaissance period. The Venetian polychoral style was created here in the 16th century. (Andrea Gabrielli)
Toccata
or prelude, is a virtuosic composition and style written for keyboard instruments which includes contrasting sections. The contrasting sections include free sections, improvisation effect, slow sections, rhythmical sections, and fugal sections. (. Buxtehude)
Pedal point
a sustain tone in the bass line which has a moving harmony above it. (Purcell)
Augmentation
the note values of the theme are doubled.
Chorale fantasy
the melody is fragmented motives, developed with fireworks, echos, and ornamentation. Often seen in oratorio by J.S Bach.
Oratorio
The early style of vocal music that is based off of sacred text and includes recitatives and arias usually with solo voices and instruments. (Bach, Handel)
da capo aria
baroque aria form, ABA, A1 is ornamented, Händel
Secco/accompagnato recitativo
secco: the singer is accompanied by basso continuo, A. Cesti, J. Peri, G. Caccini; accompagnato: the singer is accompanied by the entire orchestra, however it’s still quite passive, Händel
ritornello
a repeating orchestral material in arias or concertos. Doesn’t appear in the full version every time, can be shortened, also in a different key (dominant key, for example). Vivaldi,
agrêments
ornaments in French music, Couperin
stile brisé
broken, arppegiated chords, primarily in French high baroque music. Couperin, also in Bach’s music
tirades
an ornament consisting of at least three passing notes, often consecutive. Couperin, Rameau
concerto
an instrumental work, either for one soloist and an orchestra, or a larger group of soloists, multi-movement work, Bach, Vivaldi
concerto grosso
a specific type of concerto, where a group of soloists (concertini/ concertante) is opposing the orchestra (ripieno), Bach, Vivaldi
