Music Business Flashcards by Hayley Roscoe

three major labels

Warner Music, Sony Music, Universal

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Major publishers

Sony/ATV, Universal, Warner/Chappel, EMI

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DEF: D2F

direct to fan

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IFPI

International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Organization that represents interests of the recording industry worldwide. Not-for-profit.

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Top 10 global recordings artists (2018)

1) Drake, 2) BTS, 3) Ed Sheeran, 4) Post Malone, 5) Eminem, 6) Queen, 7) Imagine Dragons, 8) Ariana Grande, 9) Lady Gaga, 10) Bruno Mars

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DEF: value gap

the mismatch between the value that the user upload services (ie. YouTube) extract from music and the revenue returned to the music industry.

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What is Article 13?

part of the new EU copyright directive that covers how ‘online content sharing services’ should deal with copyright protected content

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Biggest selling album of 2018?

The Greatest Showman soundtrack

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Biggest selling artist album in the UK in 2017?

Ed Sheeran - Divide

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Biggest selling artist album in the UK in 2016?

Adele - 25

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DEF: Royalties

monies earned by the writer/artist, paid in direct relation to the revenue earned by the label/publisher

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how often are royalties paid

as per the contractual agreement, usually every 6 months, quarterly payments are starting to be more common

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DEF: royalty split

the division between what the writer/artist gets from all the income generated by their music, and what is left for the label or publisher to keep as commission

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Standard royalty splits with publishers?

70/30 to 90/10 in favour of the writer

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Standard royalty splits with label

75/25 to 82/18 in favour of the label

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DEF: writer share

the share of the total income owed to the songwriter

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DEF: Net Publisher Share

The share of the income retained by the publisher

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DEF: recoupable advance

money a label or publisher pays to an artist or writer at the start of a ‘term’. Advance will be reclaimed from future royalty earnings. Artist gets paid after advance is recouped.

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Name some famous managers and their artists

Colonel Tom Parker - Elvis; Jonahan Dickins - Adele; Paul McGuinness - Bono; Stuart Camp - Ed Sheeran ; Brian Epstein - the beatles

According to the MMF, a manager should:

1) Use their best endeavours to advance the artist’s career and make sure they get paid. 2) Regularly consult with teh artist and keep them aware of what is going on on their behalf. 3) maintain accurate records of all transactions and send the artist regular statements

according to the MMF an artist should:

1) carry out all agreed engagements in a punctual and sober fashion; 2) keep manager reasonably informed of whereabouts and availability and attend appointments; 3) reveal all monies paid directly to the artist; 4) not engage anyone else to act on the artist’s behalf; 5) adopt a professional approach, accepting this as a job

What do managers actually do?

varies according to needs/attitude of artist, anything legal to further artist’s career, take care of the business element to free time for artist to create

term of a typical management contract?

3-5 years or 2-3 album cycles

DEF: remuneration

monies paid for a work or service

DEF: post-term commission

what the manager gets paid after the contract ends

Key-Man/Woman clause

if an artist signs to a management company, the contract is only valid as long as their specified individual is there to look after them. If their key-person leaves the company, the contract is terminated.

standard commission rate for a manager?

20%

What income streams are used to calculate management's commission?

This is set out in the contract. Not all income streams need to be commissioned for the manager.

DEF: sunset-provision

manager still gets paid a commission at a reduced rate for a certain number of years post-term (usually 3-5) on money the artist is still making from deals the artist signed during the term of the Management Agreement. The commission rate goes down, exponentially, until it reaches 0%.

DEF: IP

Intellectual property - creations of the human mind

Two strands of IP?

1. Industrial Property (inventions - patents, scientific works, trademarks, designs); 2. Copyright (literary and artistic works, including music)

DEF: copyright

the exclusive legal right to reproduce and control a book, work of art, etc.

Moral Rights... (4)

1) always belong to the author(s) of the work; 2) independent of economic / commercial deal; 3) right of paternity (to claim ownership); 4) right of integrity (to prevent distortion)

What is the UK law protecting copyright?

What does the CDPA give the copyright owner exclusive right to do?

1) copy the work; 2) issue, rent or lend to public; 3) perform, show, play or 'communicate the work' in public; 4) make an adaptation

When does copyright exist?

the moment an original work is created

What are the two copyrights in music?

Master and song copyright

Explain song copyright

music and words in original form, can be recorded many times, is owned by the composer/author, often assigned to a music publisher

explain recording copyright (master)

particular sound recording of a song, can be many master oopyrights of a song, is owned by whoever pays for the recording (usually the label)

if no one pays for the recording who owns the master

the person (company) who made all the physical arrangements for the recording to take place

DEF: mechanical copyright

the licence or right to reproduce a song on a sound recording

How long does copyright last?(publishing)

Life + 70 years

How long does copyright last for sound recording?

release +70 years (was 50 years up to 2013)

How many writers are credited on uptown funk? Why?

11 writers (4 original credits - Mark Ronson, Bruno Mars, Jeff Bhasker, PHilip Lawrence / 2 credits for sample use - Nicholas Williamson, Devon Gallaspy / infringement: Ronnie Wilson, Charles Wilson and Robert Wilson, Rudolph Taylor, Lonnie Simmons)

DEF: sampling

the deliberate use of someone else's musical work int eh production of a new work