Music and disorders Flashcards
what can cause a neurological disorder
- brain may be “wired” differently
- injury, stroke, disease
- rely on data from case studies
what is amusia
- neurological disorder
- difficulty perceiving and/or producing music
what are the 3 types of amusia
1) congenital amusia
2) selective amusia
3) dissociation of amusia
- both selective and dissociation of amusia are types of AQUIRED amusia… meaning g it is a result from brain damage (usually the temporal lobes)
define congenital amusia
- tone deafness
- born the way
- lack of complete connections between lobes (temporal and frontal)
- less brain plasticity as a child
define selective amusia
- acquired
- unable to perceive certain aspects of music (ex: recognize melody but not rhythm)
define dissociation of amusia
- full amusia but other skills are good
ex: language is still intact
seizures and music
- type of epilepsy
- brain experiences sudden bursts of hyperactivity
- seizure type varies from person to person
what are some causes of a seizure
- birth trauma
- brain injury (accident, concussion)
- brain tumour
- infection
- head trauma
what can trigger a seizure
- types of music
- specific frequencies of pitch that the person has low threshold for
what do seizures usually involve
1) cognitive or emotional appreciation of the stimulus
2) temporal lobe abnormalities
3) musical hallucinations (person believes they “hear” music before or during a seizure
4) musicogenic epilepsy (hearing music can trigger epileptic seizure which can lead to a fear of music)
what is Tourette syndrome
- neurological disorder
- tics - motor (facial), vocal
- irresistible as the urge to sneeze
- abnormal gene that alters how neurons communicate
- related to the basal ganglia
- improvisational jazz and rock appealing
- especially drumming
what’s the basal ganglia
used for learning are motor patterns
what is synesthesia
- joined perception (ex: see a certain colour with particular number or MUSIC)
- crossed wiring in brain
- neurons within one sensory system cross to another
what is music therapy
scientific application of music to enhance an individuals social, emotional, educational, and behavioural development
- music can be used to TREAT a variety of neurological disorders and emotional problems
what is Parkinson’s disease
- movement disorder
- degenerative disease of CNS
- often impairs movement and speech
- primarily impairs motor skills (muscle rigidity, tremor, slowness)
- brain cells that produce dopamine die
- low levels of dopamine in basal ganglia
- music can bypass this deficiency
what is Alzheimers disease
- degenerative neurological condition
- neurons destroyed (plaques and tangles affect neurons)
- synapses are lost
- have spared musical memory
- music therapy very effective (appears to find the “surviving self”)
music and amnesia
- clive wearing
- spared musical memory even after severe brain damage
- had vital encephalitis (brain infection)
- caused amnesia
retrograde amnesia
forget old memories
anterograde amnesia
can’t hold on to new memories
music and schizophrenia
positive symptoms
- hallucinations, delusions
- medication best way
negative symptoms
- social withdrawal, lack of motivation, flat affect
- music therapy best way to medicate
what is flat affect
mood is low and not dynamic even if happy good life (“wired” diff)
music and autism spectrum disorder
- pervasive developmental disorder
- difficulty in communication
- difficulty in social interactions
- impairment in growth and development of brain
- respond well to music therapy
- use interactive musical play activities
