Music and Culture. Flashcards
“Music was developed to attract the opposite sex.”
CHARLES DARWIN
“Music was developed to express emotions just like
language developed to express ideas.”
HERBERT SPENCER
“Music, unlike other arts, could exist quite independent for the
visible world.”
RICHARD WAGNER
“Music is a decisive means to form a man’s character.
Music should be placed as the center of all educational
endeavors.”
JOHANN WOLFGANG
GOETHE
“Music serves as a medium through which individuals will be
acquainted with the various aspects of life, being perspicuous
reflections of humanity through ages.”
ROBERT NYE
English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best
known for his contributions to evolutionary
biology. His proposition that all species of life
have descended from a common ancestor is now
widely accepted and considered a fundamental
concept in science.
12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882
CHARLES DARWIN
English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, and
sociologist famous for his hypothesis of social
Darwinism. Spencer originated the expression
“survival of the fittest”, which he coined in
Principles of Biology after reading Charles
Darwin’s On the Origin of Species.
The view of music as a transmitter of
emotions spread throughout Europe and
influenced other fields. Herbert Spencer, the
English philosopher and biologist, concluded
that “primitives” developed the capacity for
music specifically as a means of
communicating their state of being.
HERBERT SPENCER
German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and
conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or,
as some of his mature works were later known,
“music dramas”). Unlike most opera composers,
Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for
each of his stage works.
22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883
RICHARD WAGNER
German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre
director, and critic. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is perhaps best
known for The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774), the first novel of
the Sturm und Drang movement, and for Faust (Part I, 1808; Part II,
1832), a play about a man who sells his soul to the Devil that is
sometimes considered Germany’s greatest contribution to world
literature.
28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832
JOHANN WOLFGANG
GOETHE
English poet and author.[1] His bestselling novel Falstaff, published in
1976, was described by Michael Ratcliffe (writing in The Times) as
“one of the most ambitious and seductive novels of the decade”, and
went on to win both The Hawthornden Prize and Guardian Fiction
Prize. The novel was also included in Anthony Burgess’ 99 Novels:
The Best in English Since 1939 (1984).
15 March 1939 – 2 July 2016
ROBERT NYE
viewed it as an accompaniment for their story telling or the
chanting of a verse. Music also came in handy during
religious ceremonies. They also make use of music as a tool
for war, using trumpets and horns as signal to call their allies.
Any rituals that the _ displayed cult-like
characteristics, prayers and hymns played a common role. In
the end, some of these writings would become influential
works of literature.
Babylonians
which pays homage to the sun
god. Throughout the 200-line composition, the following
lines were used:
“The far mountains are capped by thy brilliance,
Thy glow fills the entirety of lands,
Thou dost ascend the highlands to view the earth,
The perimeter of lands in the heavens thou dost weigh.”
Hymn to Shamash
a native or inhabitant of ancient Babylonia or Babylon.
Babylonia, ancient cultural region occupying
southeastern Mesopotamia between the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers (modern southern Iraq from
around Baghdad to the Persian Gulf). Because the city
of Babylon was the capital of this area for so many
centuries, the term Babylonia has come to refer to the
entire culture that developed in the area from the time it was
first settled, about 4000 BCE.
BABYLONIANS
There are depictions of instruments of all kinds, including
string, wind and percussion. The hieroglyphs also show
those listening to music clapping their hands along with the
performances.
musical instruments found buried with the
dead often have the names of the_ gods Hathor and
Bes, who were the gods of music, inscribed on them.
Egyptians
egyptian gods of music
Hathor and Bes
are persons who regard themselves as culturally,
ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.
Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical,
cultural, and later religious identifier for people living in the
Indian subcontinent.
are the world’s third largest group after Christians and
Muslims.
HINDUS
In the Vedic period, music originated from _ of Vedas.
The contents of the Rigveda were mainly poems chanted by
priests and passed onto generations. The memorization of the
sacred text by the priests included up to eleven musical forms of
recitation of sacred verse.
chanting
In the Vedic period, music originated from chanting of Vedas.
The contents of the Rigveda were mainly poems chanted by
priests and passed onto generations. The memorization of the
sacred text by the priests included up to _ musical forms of
recitation of sacred verse.
eleven
_ religion gives great importance to music. In _
mythology, each deity is associated with some kind of musical
instrument.
Hindu
instrument of Godess Sarasvati
Veena
instrument of Lord Shiva
Damru
instrument of Lord Vishnu
conch
instrument of Lord Krishna
flute
instrument of Nadara
Ektara
_ and _people are mostly taken as synonymous
with the Semitic-speaking Israelites, especially in the
pre-monarchic period when they were still nomadic.
HEBREWS
considered music as a spiritual gift of God,
because to them, music was a matter of religion than art.
Hebrews
The _was remarkably multicultural, with “a rather
astonishing cohesive capacity” to create a sense of shared
identity while encompassing diverse peoples within its political
system over a long span of time.
The_ attention to creating public monuments and
communal spaces open to all—such as forums, amphitheatres,
racetracks and baths—helped foster a sense of “_ness”
Romans
Similar to the Babylonians, the _ used music as a way
of giving signals towards their armies and breaking the
gathering of people.
The “neumes” was developed by a _ philosopher.
ROMANS
basic element of Western and Eastern systems of musical
notation prior to the invention of five-line staff notation.
NEUMES
_ civilization is historically considered the dominant
culture of East Asia. With _ being one of the earliest
ancient civilizations, _ culture exerts profound influence
on the philosophy, virtue, etiquette, and traditions of Asia to
date.
_ language, ceramics, architecture, music, dance,
literature, martial arts, cuisine, visual arts, philosophy, business
etiquette, religion, politics, and history have global influence,
while its traditions and festivals are also celebrated, instilled,
and practiced by people around the world.
CHINESE
also uses their music for their religious
ceremonies and festivities. Along with its unique instruments
and their own scale, which is the pentatonic scale.
belief that music is meant not to amuse but
to purify one’s thoughts finds particular expression in the cult of
the qin, a long zither possessing a repertory calling for great
subtlety and refinement in performance.
CHINESE
chinese musical scale
pentatonic scale
The culture of _ has changed greatly over the millennia,
from the country’s prehistoric Jōmon Period, to its contemporary
modern culture, which absorbs influences from Asia and other
regions of the world.
_ culture was influenced from ancient times to the
Middle Ages primarily by multiple Chinese dynasties and to a
lesser extent by other Asian countries.
JAPANESE
one of the very main types of Japanese
conventional music, is cited to historically originate from China,
with the first rendezvous happening in the 6th century.
Japanese folk
is a customary Japanese folk song portraying the
gorgeousness of cherry blossoms – the symbol of spring season.
Sakura Sakura
_ are a Romance ethnic group and nation native to the
Italian geographical region and its neighboring insular
territories. _ share a common culture, history, ancestry and
language.
_ explorers and navigators in the 15th and 16th centuries
left a perennial mark on human history with the modern
“discovery of America”, due to Christopher Columbus.
ITALIANS
_ has a strong sense of national identity through distinctive
culture – a sense of an appreciation of beauty and emotionality,
which is strongly evidenced in the music. Cultural, political and
social issues are often also expressed through music in Italy.
Allegiance to music is integrally woven into the social identity
of Italians but no single style has been considered a
characteristic “national style”.
Italy
The art of singing came to perfection with the development of the Opera in the17th century and
18th century largely due to the development of the new vocal composition, “ the art song”.
Filipinos are the people who are native to or citizens of the
country of the Philippines. Filipinos come from various
Austronesian ethnolinguistic groups. Currently, there are more
than 185 ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines; each with its
own language, identity, culture and history.
Originally, music was used by some Filipino ethnic tribes for
their religious ceremonies and rituals, but as time progresses ,
Filipinos are able to produce music that was intended to express
their feeling for their loved one, called “_”.
Music is the main source of communicating their feelings and
emotions.
kundiman
