Element of Music pt.2 Flashcards
speed or pace of a given piece.
typically measured in beats per minute (bpm or BPM).
TEMPO
COMMON TEMPO MARKINGS:
Larghissimo
Adagissimo
Grave
Lento
Largo
Adagio
Andante
Moderato
Allegro
Vivace
Allegrissimo or Allegro vivace
Presto
very, very slow
Larghissimo
very slowly
Adagissimo
very slow
Grave
slowly
Lento
broadly
Largo
slowly with great expression
Adagio
at a walking pace (76–108 bpm)
Andante
at a moderate speed
Moderato
fast, quick, and bright
Allegro
lively and fast
Vivace
very fast
Allegrissimo or Allegro vivace
very, very fast
Presto
means how quietly or loudly a piece of music should be played
are an important way of conveying the mood of a piece and your use of dynamics is a marked element of your performance
DYNAMICS
variation in loudness between notes or phrases
are one of the expressive elements of music
help musicians sustain variety and interest in a musical performance, and communicate a particular emotional state or feeling
DYNAMICS
COMMON DYNAMIC MARKINGS:
p/piano
f/forte
mp/mezzo-piano
mf/mezzo-forte
pp/pianissimo
ff/fortissimo
ppp/pianississimo
fff/fortississimo
soft
p/piano
loud or strong
f/forte
moderately soft
mp/mezzo-piano
moderately loud
mf/mezzo-forte
very soft
pp/pianissimo
very loud
ff/fortissimo
very very soft
ppp/pianississimo
very very loud
fff/fortississsimo
Three Italian words are used to show gradual changes in volume
crescendo/cresc.
decrescendo/decresc.
diminuendo/dim.
translates as “increasing” (literally “growing”)
crescendo (abbreviated cresc.)
translates as “decreasing”.
decrescendo (abbreviated to decresc.)
translates as “diminishing”
diminuendo (abbreviated dim.)
also known as tone color or tone quality, is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone
distinguishes different types of sound production, such as choir voices and musical instruments. It also enables listeners to distinguish different instruments in the same category
Timbre,
indicates the unique qualities of the human singing voice. It helps in classifying voices whether the vocal sounds come from men or women
Vocal Timbre
VOCAL TIMBRE
Soprano
Alto
Tenor
Bass
a type of classical female singing voice and has the highest vocal range of all voice types.
vocal range is from approximately middle C = 261 Hz to “high A” = 880 Hz in choral music, or to “soprano C” = 1046 Hz or higher in operatic music
Soprano
meaning “high” in Italian, historically refers to the contrapuntal part higher than the tenor and its associated vocal range. In 4-part voice leading alto is the second highest part, sung in choruses by either low women’s or high men’s voices
ALTO
a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the countertenor and baritone voice types. It is the highest male chest voice type. The tenor’s vocal range extends up to C₅.
TENOR
a type of classical male singing voice and has the lowest vocal range of all voice types.
A bass
Instruments are classified using 5 different categories depending on the manner in which the instrument creates the sound:
Idiophones
Membranophones
Chordophones
Aerophones
musical instruments in which a vibrating solid material is used to produce sound.
Idiophones
(cymbals and castanets)
idio
Concussion
( musical glasses)
idio
Friction
(xylophones, triangles, bells, gongs, and steel drums)
idio
Percussion
are musical instruments that use vibrating stretched membranes or skin to produce sound
are classified according to the shape of the instrument.
Membranophones
produce sound by means of a stretched vibrating string. When a string vibrates, the resonator picks up that vibration and amplifies it giving it a more appealing sound
Chordophones
produce sound by vibrating a column of ai
Aerophones
Made of metal, particularly brass, trombone, trumpet, tuba
aero
Brasswinds
original material: wood but now other materials are used. Ex. saxophone and the clarinet, double-reed (bassoons and oboes), flutes
Woodwinds
