MUSIC AND ARTS!! day 1 Flashcards
a musical work with diff movements for an instrumental solioist and orchesrtra
concerto
a section of the sonata allegro form where the themes are introduced
exposition
most important form that was developed during the classical era and usually the form of the first movement of a sonata or symphony
sonata allegro
musical composition designed to be played by the full orchestra
symphony
years of classical period
1750-1820
In the middle of the ___ century, ____ began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as ____.
18th, europe, classicism
Instrumental music was patronized primarily by the ____.
nobility
Important historical events that occurred in the West during this era were the __
French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, the American Declaration of Independence in 1776, and the American Revolution.
The term classical denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ___ and ____ which were formal, elegant, simple, freed, and dignified.
ancient Greek and Roman literature and art
loud and soft was clearly shown through the extensive use of __
crescendo and diminuendo
(MUSIC)The great composers of the period were:
Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig Van Beethoven.
__,__,__ are the instrumental forms developed during this era
Sonata, Concerto, and Symphony
__,__ are the two vocal forms of classical era
opera seria and buffa
is one of the most prominent composers of the Classical Period.
Franz Joseph Haydn
His life is described as a “rags-to-riches” story. He came from a poor family and his music led to his rise in social status.
Franz Joseph Haydn
He was hired by rich patrons and eventually became a musical director for the Esterhazy family for 30 years.
Franz Joseph Haydn
His music reflects his character and personality: mainly calm, balanced, serious but with touches of humor.
Franz Joseph Haydn
He was able to compose over 100 symphonies and developed them into long forms for a large orchestra. He was named, “Father of the Symphony”
Franz Joseph Haydn
Surprise Symphony,” “The Clock,” “The Military
Franz Joseph Haydn
is a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical history.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
At age five, he was already playing the violin and the harp- sichord; at six, he was recognized as an exceptional pianist, and at seven, he was already composing excellent music. At age thirteen, he had written sonatas, concertos, symphonies, religious works, and operas and operettas.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
He experimented in all kinds of music and composed over 700 works.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
He composed wonderful concertos, symphonies, and operas such as “The Marriage of Figaro” (1786), “Don Giovanni” (1789), and “The Magic Flute”
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Unfortunately, due to mismanaged finances he lived his life in poverty, died young, and was buried in an unknown grave.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
was born in Bonn, Germany to a family of musicians and studied music at an early age.
Ludwig Van Beethoven
He was the composer who bridged the late Classical era and the early Romantic era.
Ludwig Van Beethoven
He was a talented pianist and composer. His famous compositions include 32 piano sonatas, 21 set of variations, 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 16 string quartets, and choral music.
Ludwig Van Beethoven
His works include the “Missa Solemnis” (1818-1823) and opera “Fidelio
Ludwig Van Beethoven
He began to go deaf in 1796 but this did not =become a hindrance. He continued composing
Ludwig Van Beethoven
-It is in three-four time and in a moderate or fast tempo.
Minuet
The most important form that developed during the classical era
sonata allegro
The most important form that developed during the classical era consists of 3 distinct sections:
Exposition, Development, and Recapitulation
soloist and orchestra
concerto
It is a classical form of music intended primarily to emphasize the individuality of the solo instrument and to exhibit the virtuosity and interpretative abilities of the performer.
concerto
: Usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the symphony and usually a short cadenza is used
Finale
: Usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the symphony and usually a short ___ is used
cadenza
A multi-movement work for orchestra,
Symphony
- an improvised passage or ornamentation performed by a soloist or group of soloists that allows a display of virtuosity often placed near the end of a piece.
Cadenza
- a choral composition with instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements.
Cantata
__-gradually becoming louder
__-gradually becoming softer
Crescendo-Diminuendo-
- a musical form that alternates the main theme and its contrasting themes usually found in the final movement of a sonata or concerto
Rondo
- a vigorous, light, or playful composition comprising a movement in a symphony or sonata.
Scherzo
- 18th century German musical comedy featuring songs and ensembles interspersed with dialogue.
Singspiel
- any instrumental composition that has several movements with variation in key, mood, or tempo
Sonata
- a musical composition for the whole orchestra generally in four movements; also a sonata for orchestra
Symphony
- a musical form where the theme is presented in a simple unadorned manner then repeats the theme several times with ornamentations
Theme and Variation -
Renaissance Period (year)
(1400-1600)
__was the period of economic progress. The period stirred enthusiasm
for the study of __
renaissance, ancient philosophy and artistic values.
Italian Renaissance began in the late 14th century. It was an era of __ with the birth of __ art. The focus was
on __ art.
great artistic and intellectual achievement, secular,realistic and humanistic
Renaissance art was characterized by
accurate anatomy, scientific perspective,
and deeper landscape.
Renaissance painters depicted
real-life figures and their sculptures were naturalistic portraits of human beings.
Architecture during this period was characterized by its __.
symmetry and balance,
The Renaissance was a period of __. It brought man into a full view just like the human figure in Greek Art..
artistic experimentation
o was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
He was con- sidered the greatest living artist in his lifetime, and ever since then he was considered as one of the greatest artists of all time.
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
Pieta, BacchusMoses, David, Dying Slave, Dawn, and Dusk
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
michaelangelo Two of his best known works, The
__, were
sculpted before he turned thirty.
pieta and david
two of the most influential works in fresco in the history of Western art:
the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling and the Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.
BY ,MICHAELAGNGELO
In _, Michelangelo approached the subject which until then had been given form mostly from north of the Alps, where the portrayal of pain had always been connected with the idea of redemption as represented by the seated Madonna holding Christ’s body in her
arms.
pieta
was a painter, architect, scientist, and mathematician
Leonardo di ser Piero Da Vinci (1452-1519)
da vinci novel and movie
da vinci code
He is known as the ultimate “Renaissance man” because of his intellect, interest, talent and his expression of humanist and classical values.
da vinci
He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person to have ever lived.
da vinci
His well known works were: The Last Supper (the most reproduced religious painting of all time), and the Mona Lisa (the most famous and most parodied portrait.) His other works were: The Virtruvian Mar, The Adoration of the Magi, and the Virgin of the Rocks. (Wikipedia)
da vinci
) I was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance period. His work was admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the interpreting the Divine and incorporating Christian doctrines
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (Raphael) (1483-1520)
(ART)traditional trinity of great masters of that period
michaelangelo, da vinci, raffaello
The Sistine Madonna, The School of Athens, and The Transfiguration.
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (Raphael) (1483-1520)
The __I was Raphael’s last painting on which he worked on up to his death. The painting exemplifies Raphael’s development as an artist and the culmination of his career.
transfiguration
was one of the Italian great artists of the period. He was an early Renaissance Italian sculptor from Florence.
Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi (Donatello) (1386-1466)
Donatello
He is known for his work in bas-relief, a form of shallow relief sculpture.
donato
, a form of shallow relief sculpture.
bas-relief
David, Statue of St. George, Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata, Prophet Habacuc, and The Feast of Herod.
donato
Baroque Art (year)
(1600-1800)
The term Baroque was derived from the Portuguese word __ which means “__.”
barocco, irregularly shaped pearl or stone
After the idealism of Renaissance, and the slightly forced nature of “__,
mannerism
Baroque existed in varying degrees of intensity, from a simple animated movement of lines and surfaces, to a __
rich and dynamic wealth.
The Roman Catholic Church highly encouraged the Baroque style to __ while the aristocracy used Baroque style for architecture and arts to __
propagate Christianity,,, impress visitors, express triumph, power, and control.
He was better known as Caravaggio. He was an Ital- ian artist who wanted to deviate from the classical masters of the Renaissance.
Michelangelo Merisi or Amerighi da Caravaggio (1571-1610)
He was an outcast in his society, because of his own actions and the lack of modesty and reverence for __ in his paintings.
michelangelo merisi,, religious subjects
Perhaps he started out as a specialist in his paintings of still life, especially of fruits.
micehlangelo merisi
Caravaggio’s models at this period were either __ or __
himself,, young persons who have an air of being promising but wicked.
Among his famous paintings were: Supper at Emmaus, Conversion of St. Paul, and Entombment of Christ.
merisi
was an Italian artist and the first Baroque artist. He practiced architecture and sculpture, painting, stage design, and was also a playwright.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)
Bernini
bernini. As a prodigy, his first artworks date from his __birthday.
8th
Among his early works were: The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and a Faun, Damned Soul, and the Blessed Soul.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)
Bernini
He made a sculpture of David for Cardinal Borghese which is strikingly different from Michelangelo’s David because it shows the differences between Renaissance and the Baroque periods.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)
Bernini
The famous __ was his greatest achievement
Ecstasy of St. Teresa
. It is one of his most innovative and suc- cessful architectural designs.
Piazza San Pietro in front of the Basilica
was a Flemish Baroque painter.
Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) Rubens
He was well known for his paintings of mythical and figurative subjects, landscapes, portraits, and Counter- Reformation altarpieces. His commissioned works were mostly religious subjects, history paintings of magical creatures, and hunt scenes.
Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) Rubens
His famous works were: Samson and Delilah, Landscape with a Tower, Portrait of Helene Fourment, and The Three Graces
Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) Rubens
was a brilliant Dutch realist, painter, and etcher. He is generally considered as one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art.
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669) Rembrandt
He followed no particular faith, but was interested in spiritual values and often chooses religious subjects.
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669) Rembrandt
_shares with Rubens the revolution whereby painting came to depict the more personal aspects of the painter: his own home and his family. No artist has painted himself as often as did _.
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669) Rembrandt
rembrandt most well known work
self portrait in old age
__ of Spain developed out of the Baroque. He was one of the finest masters of composition and one of the most important painters of the Spanish Golden Age.
Diego Velasquez (1599-1660)
Velasquez
He worked out solutions to pictorial problems of design that transcend the style of any period.
Diego Velasquez (1599-1660)
Velasquez
_was the case of a painter who discovered his avocation almost at the very start of his career. .
Diego Velasquez (1599-1660)
Velasquez
His famous works were: The Surrender of Breda, Las Meninas (The Maids of Honour), Los Barachos (The Drinker),
and Maria Theresa.
Diego Velasquez (1599-1660)
Velasquez
david with an enigmatic smile posed with his food on goliath
david by donato
david patiently waiting for battle prepped with slingshot
david by michelangelo
elegant youth standing in triumph
david by andrea del verrochio
painting modes in renaissance
sfumato chiaroscuro unione cangiante
*This painting mode blurs the edges of the outlines, creating tonal value. It gives an appearance of a hazy layer on the work, thus lightening bright areas as well as the dark tones. Leonardo da Vinci used this technique on the Monalisa in which he blurred the edges, eliminating the strong techniques. The subtle shading technique is one of the reasons for Monalisa’s mysterious smile.
Sfumato
*Is similar to sfumato, but unlike the previous mode, the color intensity is not diluted.
It is the use of colors without the severe lines.
This technique uses gradient changes between the color and the light blending on the edges but retains the overall brilliance of the colors. Raphael used this technique on his work St. Catherine of Alexandria.
Unione
*Means “light and dark” in Italian. This mode using strong contrast between light and dark. This strong contrast creates a shadows and light that the artist uses to create a focal point. It is like pointing a spotlight on a dark scene. This painting style is heavily used with the succeeding art styles of the Mannerist and the baroque.
Chiaroscuro
*Is a painting technique that renders shadows by replacing the color.
*It is used when a painter uses another hue in place of another if the original color cannot be made lighter or darker enough.
Cangiante
Cangiante means “__” in Italian.
to change
