Music 33-36 Flashcards by Megha Manne

5 major regions in Africa

North, West, East, Central, and Southern

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5 major climate zones

Sahara, Sahel, Woodland savanna, Forest, Temperate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 major rivers

Nile, Congo, Niger, Zambezi

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 major language families

Niger-Congo (largest, covering W,S,C)
Nilo-Saharan (Sahara, E)
Afro-Asiatic (N)
Khoisan (S desert)
(Austronesian (Madagascar))

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Larger kingdoms and empires had…

more unified musical systems

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

newly independent nations built national identities using…

music

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which empire became and largest and wealthiest

Mali (Mande), led by Sunjata

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which kingdom was est. at Kumasi in 1670s

Ansante, grew to cover most of Ghana

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the Buganda kingdom…

had a renowned royal court music ensemble

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Shona Zimbabwe invented…

Shona Mbria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

transatlantic slave trade spread…

samba (brazil) ; rumba, son, mambo (cuba); reggae (jamaica); blues and jazz (USA)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

major european powers

France (N, W, Congo)
GB (Coastal W, E, S)
Belgium (Congo)
Portugal (guinea-Bissau, Angola, Mozambique)
Germany (Togo, Cameroon, Tanganyika)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Guinean President who formed nation ensembles that est. national identity

Sekou Toure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

most well known african dance group

Les Ballets Africains

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

colonial legacy

Frankophone, anglophone, lusophone, hispanophone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

traditional religions were based on…

communication with ancestors and deities often using music

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

shona uses

mbira ensemble at all night bira ceremony

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

vodun

religious belief system of Fon in Benin– transported to haiti

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

yoruba deities (orisha)

olodumare (supreme creator)
eshu (trickster)
ogun (iron)
yemoja (mother of water)
shango (lightning)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

islam

covered N, W, Sahel, Savanna, E coast

arabic musical techniques

melismatic, monophonic, improvisation

christianity

W savanna and coast, E, S

protestant church music

spread by missionaries

european musical aesthetics

tonal system and four part harmony

christian choral singing group

ladysmith black mambazo

Kwabena Nketia

brought african drumming and dance to american universities 1960s

what type of music enjoys the largest body of research in africa

ghanaian music

rhythm

flow of events in time; beats are subdivided by pulses, betas combine to form cycles

many african music uses off beat phrasing polyrhytm inherent rhytms tempo

two or more simultaneous rhytms present in the sound, but not actually played by a single musician relative speed of beats

european tuning system

equal temperament (12 equal intervals to the octave) based on acoustic overtone series

interval

sonic distance between any 2 pitches measured by steps or cents (100 cents in a half step)

harmonic overtones

integer multiples of a fundamental frequency of a musical tone

pythagorean tuning

stacking consecutive 5ths and telescoping them into the space of one octave; 23 cents

maninka balafon (xylophone)

tuned w equidistant hepatonic scale

scales primarily

pentatonic and hepatonic

modes

turn scales into materials for making music

monophony

a single melodic line

polyphony

2 or more simultaneous melodic lines

homophony

4 part harmony

heterophony

2 or more ppl but some level of independence

form

structure of a single cycle (# of beats in a cycle)

hocket

interlocking parts, leader and chorus/ call and response

organology

study of the physical features of musical instruments

hornbostel-sachs (1914)

musical instrument classification system

idiophones

xylophones, prevalent thru much of africa | other shakers, bells, scrapers, upside down calabash drums

memnranophones

drums

chordophones

lutes, harps, lyres, zithers

aerophones

flutes, trumpets, horns (not as prevalent)