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USMLE 1 > MUSCULOSKELZ > Flashcards

MUSCULOSKELZ Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Traction or tear of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus causes this..

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy (waiter’s tip), C5-C6 roots injured

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2
Q

Findings of erb-duchenne palsy

A

paralysis of abduction, lateral rotators, biceps

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3
Q

Klumpke’s palsy

A

an embryologic defect affecting inferior trunk of brachial plexus C8-T1

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4
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome

A

a cervical rib can compress subclavian artery and inferior trunk, resulting in thoracic outlet syndrome

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5
Q

Klumpke’s palsy- loss of…

A

81 roots that ult form median and ulnar nerves; they innervate all of the intrinsic hand muscles

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6
Q

Pope’s blessing

A

distal ulnar nerve lesion

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7
Q

Claw hand of 2nd and 3rd fingers

A

distal median nerve 57

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8
Q

Ape hand

A

proximal median nerve lesion; loss of opponens pollicis muscle

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9
Q

Klumpke’s total claw

A

lesion of lower trunk 81, loss of function of a lumbricals, clawing of all digits

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10
Q

Radial nerve is known as

A

the great extensor

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11
Q

Radial nerve innervates

A

the BEST! brachioradialis, extensors of the wrist and fingers, supinator, triceps

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12
Q

Dorsal interosseous muscles

A

abduct the fingers (DAB)

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13
Q

Palmar interosseous mucles

A

adduct the fingers PAD

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14
Q

PED mnemonic

A

peroneal Everts and Dorsiflexes; if injured, foo dropPED

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15
Q

TIP memonic

A

Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes; if injured, can’t stand on toes

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16
Q

Sciatica MC involves these nerves

A

L5 or S1

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17
Q

Point of actin attachment

A

Z line

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18
Q

myosin attaches to

A

M line

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19
Q

Only THICK lines

A

H zone

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20
Q

type 1 muscle

A

slow twitch, for sustained contraction; increased mitochondria and myoglobin concentration

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21
Q

type 2 muscle

A

fast twitch, white fibers, anaerobic glycolysis

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22
Q

achondroplasia

A

failure of longitudinal bone growth, FGFR3 inhibits chondrocyte proliferation

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23
Q

Type 1 and 2 osteoporosis

A

postmenopausal; senile

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24
Q

Patient with HTN and CHf, at risk for osteoporosis; give

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

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25
Q

osteopetrosis

A

failure of normal bone resorption due to abnormal osteoclasts. anemia, thrombocytopenia, infection. carbonic anhydase 2 deficiency. erlenmeyer flask bones. cn defects.

26
Q

osteolmalacia/rickets

A

defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid

27
Q

Septic arthritis mnemonic

A

STD- synovitis, tenosynovitis, dermatitis

28
Q

SLE mnem

A 
IM DAMN SHARP: 
Ig (anti-dsDNA, Sm, antiphospholipid)
Malar rash
Discoid rash
Antinuclear Ab
Mucositis
Neuro d/o
Serositis
Hemat d/o
Arthritis
Renal d/o
Photosens
29
Q

SLE-defective FAS gene product does this…

A

impairs clonal deletion of activated T lymphocytes

30
Q

Monitor in ank spondy

A

chest expansion (enthesopathies of costovertebral and costosternal jx)

31
Q

Reiter’s syndrome usually occurs after

A

GI or chlamydia infections

32
Q

Reiter’s triad

A

conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis, urethritis, arthritis

33
Q

Sarcoidosis mnem

A

GRAIN; gammaglobulinemia, RA, ACE increas, Interstitial fibrosis, Noncaseating granulomas

34
Q

MCTD mnem

A

FAME; fatigue, arthralgias, myaglgias, esopgaheal hypomotility

35
Q

MCTD antibodies

A

U1RNP; Ab against a mix of macromoleules; ribo-nucleo-protein

36
Q

Where is the superior gluteal nerve? Sciatic nerve?

A

superiomedial- sup gluteal; inferomedial- sciatic n

37
Q

layers of epidermis mnem

A

cali likes girls in stiring bikinis

corneum, lucidum, franulosum, spinosum, basalis

38
Q

MC dislocated; where is it

A

lunate, next to scaphoid

39
Q

MC fractured

A

scaphoid; immediately superior to radius

40
Q

SITS stands for

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

41
Q

unhappy knee triad

A

MCL, ACL, LM

42
Q

tight junctions

A

prevents diffusion across paracellular space; composed of cluadins and occludins

43
Q

zona adherens

A

cadherins connect to actin, surrounds area just below zona occ

44
Q

desmosomes

A

macula adherens; small and discrete, cadherins connect to intermediate filaments

45
Q

gap junctions

A

allow adjacent cells to comm for el and metab fx

46
Q

hemidesmosome

A

connects cells to underlying ECM

47
Q

integrin

A

maintains integrity of BM; binds to laminin (in BM)

48
Q

poly/dermatomyositis labs

A

Increased CK, aldolase; + ANA, anti;Jo-1

49
Q

LTB4 on neutrophils

A

chemotactic

50
Q

LTC, D, E

A

bronchconstriction, vasoconstriction, contraction of sm ms, incre vasc perm

51
Q

PGI2

A

inhibits platelet aggregation and promotes vasodilation

52
Q

dose of aspirin when it becomes AI

A

> 2400mg/day

53
Q

name the bisphosphs

A

PALER; pamidronate, alendronate, etidronate, risedronate

54
Q

acute gout

A

colchicine, indomethacin

55
Q

chornic gout

A

probenecid, allopurinol

56
Q

name TNF-a inhibitors

A

AEI etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab;

57
Q

infliximab inlix pain on

A

TNF

58
Q

etanercept acts as a

A

decoy receptor

59
Q

adalimumab

A

blocks TNF-R

60
Q

TNF-a inhibitors can …

A

reactivate latent TB

USMLE 1 (11 decks)

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