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Pelvis and Perineurium > Musculoskeleton > Flashcards

Musculoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvis is subdivided into these regions

A

Greater and lesser pelvis

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2
Q

The pelvic region surrounded by the superior pelvic girdle

A

Greater pelvis

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3
Q

The pelvic region surrounded by the inferior pelvic girdle

A

Lesser pelvis

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4
Q

The musculofascial pelvic diaphragm separates these compartments

A

Pelvic cavity and perineum

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5
Q

The area of the surface of the trunk between the thighs and the buttocks, extending from coccyx to pubis, and to the shallow compartment lying deep to the pelvic diaphragm

A

Perineum

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6
Q

Three bones that make up the pelvic girdle

A

Right innominate bone, left innominate bone, sacrum

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7
Q

Three bone of the innominate bone

A

Illium, ischium, pubis

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8
Q

Where is the triradiate cartilage found?

A

In the acetabulum of infants an children

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9
Q

Which structure unites at the acetabulum the ilium, ischium and pubis in infants and children?

A

Triradiate cartilage

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10
Q

Where the two innominate bones join anteriorly

A

Pubic symphysis

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11
Q

Posterior articulation of innominate bones to sacrum

A

Sacroiliac joint

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12
Q

The superior fan-like component of the hip bone

A

Ilium

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13
Q

The oblique plane that divides the greater and lesser pelvis

A

Pelvic inlet

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14
Q

The superior pelvic girdle provides the skeletal framework for both the pelvic cavity and the
perineum. True or false? If false, explain.

A

False.

It is the inferior pelvic girdle that provides the skeletal framework.

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15
Q

The width of the subpubic angle is determined by the distance between which structures during pelvic examination?

A

The right and the left ischial tuberosities

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16
Q

Anterior boundary of the pubic outlet

A

Anterior: Pubic arch

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17
Q

Anatomical position of the pelvis

A

The right and left anterior superior iliac spines (ASISs) and the anterior aspect of the pubic symphysis lie in the same vertical plane

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18
Q

Which joint links the axial skeleton and inferior appendicular skeleton?

A

Sacroiliac joint

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19
Q

Which type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

A compound joint, consisting of an anterior synovial joint and a posterior syndesmosis

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20
Q

The sacroiliac joint is synovial anteriorly between which structures?

A

Auricular surfaces of ilium and sacrum

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21
Q

Lateral boundary of the pubic outlet

A

Ischial tuberosities

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22
Q

Posterolateral boundary of the pubic outlet

A

Inferior margin of the sacrotuberous ligament

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23
Q

Posterior boundary of the pubic outlet

A

Tip of coccyx

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24
Q

The sacroiliac joint is different from other synovial joint because of its limited movement. True or False? If false, explain.

A

True

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25
Q

Unlike a keystone at the top of an arch, the sacrum is actually suspended between the iliac bones and is firmly attached to them by posterior and interosseous sacroiliac ligaments. True or false? If false, explain.

A

True

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26
Q

The sacroiliac joint is syndemosis posteriorly between which structures?

A

Tuberosities of ilium and sacrum

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27
Q

The sacroiliac ligaments

A

Anterior, interosseous and posterior sacroiliac ligaments

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28
Q

The primary structures involved in transferring
the weight of the upper body from the axial skeleton
to the two ilia of the appendicular skeleton

A

Interosseous sacroiliac ligaments

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29
Q

The fibers of the interosseous and posterior sacroiliac ligaments run obliquely downward and
inward from the sacrum. True or false? If false, explain.

A

False.

They run obliquely upward ans outward from the sacrum.

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30
Q

The axial weight pushing down on
the sacrum actually pulls the ilia outward (laterally) so that they compress the sacrum between them, locking the irregular but congruent surfaces of the sacroiliac joints together. True or false? If false, explain.

A

False.

Weight pulls the ilia inward (medially).

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31
Q

Which ligament joins the sciatic notch to form the large sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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32
Q

Which ligament subdivides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

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33
Q

Accessory ligament to the sacroiliac ligament weight-bearing mechanism

A

Illolumbar ligament

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34
Q

The interpubic disc of the pubic symphysis is generally wider in men. True or false. If false, explain.

A

False.

It is wider in women.

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35
Q

The thickened ligaments to the superior and inferior margins of the pubic symphysis

A

Superior pubic ligament and inferior pubic (arcuate) ligament

36
Q

The decussating, fibers of the tendinous attachments of the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles strengthen the pubic symphysis posteriory. True or false? If false, explain.

A

False.

They strengthen the pubic symphysis anteriorly.

37
Q

The lumbosacral joints consist of which joints?

A

L5/S1 IV joint and two posterior zygapophyseal joints

38
Q

The zygapophyseal joint articulates which structures?

A

Articular processes of L5 and S1 vertebrae.

39
Q

The iliolumbar ligament connects to which structures?

A

Transverse processes of L5 and ilium

40
Q

The sacrococcygeal joint is a secondary cartilaginous joint with an IV disc. True or false? If false, explain.

A

True

41
Q

The sacrococcygeal joint connects which structures?

A

Apex of sacrum and base of coccyx

42
Q

Anteroinferior pelvic wall is formed primarily by which structures?

A

Bodies and rami of the pubic bones and the

pubic symphysis

43
Q

Structures that form the lateral pelvic wall

A

Right and left hip bones, obturator foramen closed

by an obturator membrane

44
Q

The fleshy attachment of which muscle covers most of the lateral pelvic wall

A

Obturator internus muscles

45
Q

Fascia that cover the medial part of obturator internus muscles

A

Obturator fascia

46
Q

These muscles occupy much of the greater sciatic foramen, forming the posterolateral
walls of the pelvic cavity

A

Piriformis muscles

47
Q

Nerves anteromedial to piriformis muscles

A

Sacral plexus

48
Q

Structures that make up the pelvic diaphragm

A

Coccygeus and levator ani muscles and the fascias of their superior and inferior aspects

49
Q

The attachment of the pelvic diaphragm to the obturator fascia divide the obturator internus into these portions

A

A superior pelvic portion and an inferior perineal portion

50
Q

An anterior gap between the medial borders of the levator ani muscles of each side that gives passage to the urethra and, in females, the vagina

A

Urogenital hiatus

51
Q

Muscles of the levator ani muscle

A

Puborectalis, pubococcygeous, iliococcygeous

52
Q

Part of levator ani which forms a U-shaped muscular sling (puborectal sling) that passes posterior to the anorectal junction, bounding the urogenital hiatus.

A

Puborectalis muscle

53
Q

The wider but thinner intermediate part
of the levator ani, which arises lateral to the puborectalis from the posterior aspect of the body of the pubis and anterior tendinous arch

A

Pubococcygeous muscle

54
Q

Muscles of the levator ani which contribute to formation of the anococcygeal body

A

Pubococcygeous and iliococcygeous muscles

55
Q

The pubovaginalis (females), puboprostaticus (males) puboperinealis, and pubo-analis are shorter muscular slips from which muscle?

A

Pubococcygeous

56
Q

The posterolateral part of the levator ani, which arises from the posterior tendinous arch and ischial
spine.

A

Iliococcygeous

57
Q

The ligament between the anus and the coccyx often referred to clinically as the “levator plate”

A

Anococcygeal body

58
Q

The levator ani is tonically contracted most of the

time to support the abdominopelvic viscera. True or false? If false, explain.

A

True

59
Q

The levator ani is actively contracted during activities such as forced expiration, coughing,
sneezing, vomiting, and fixation of the trunk during strong movements of the upper limbs. True or false? If false, explain.

A

True

60
Q

The levator ani must relax to allow urination and defecation. True or false? If false, explain.

A

True

61
Q

The levator ani contracts primarily to increase support of the viscera during periods of increased intra-abdominal pressure. True or false? If false, explain.

A

True

62
Q

The levator ani contributes to decrease in pressure intraabdominal pressure. True or false? If false, explain.

A

False.

It contributes to increase in pressure.

63
Q

The parietal peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity continues inferiorly into the pelvic cavity and reaches the pelvic floor. True or false? If false, explain.

A

False.

It does not reach the pelvic floor but reflect on the pelvic viscera instead.

64
Q

The pelvic viscera are not completely

ensheathed by the peritoneum, except for which structures?

A

Ovaries and uterine tubes

65
Q

Which surfaces of the pelvic viscera are covered by peritoneum?

A

Only the superior and superiolateral surfaces

66
Q

The only pelvic viscera which is intraperitoneal and suspended by a mesentery

A

Uterine tubes

67
Q

The ovaries are covered by peritoneum. True or false? If false, explain.

A

False

It is covered by germinal epithelium, a special, relatively dull epithelium of cuboidal cells.

68
Q

The only site where the parietal peritoneum is not firmly bound to the underlying structures.

A

The region superior to the bladder

69
Q

The “pocket” formed between the uterus and the rectum

A

Rectouterine pouch or cul-de-sac of Douglas

70
Q

Lateral extensions of the rectouterine pouch on each side of the rectum

A

Pararectal fossae

71
Q

Prominent peritoneal ridges formed by underlying fascial ligaments which demarcate lateral boundaries of pararectal fossae

A

Rectouterine folds

72
Q

The “pocket” formed by the central peritoneum descending down the posterior surface
(base) of the bladder and then reflects superiorly onto the anterior surface of the inferior rectum in males and in females without a uterus

A

Rectovesical pouch

73
Q

The gentle peritoneal fold separating the paravesical

and pararectal fossae

A

Ureteric fold

74
Q

Which is the female equivalent of the uteretic fold that separates paravesical and pararectal fossae?

A

Broad ligament

75
Q

The male reproductive organs are not in contact

with the peritoneum, except at which sites?

A

Superior ends or superior posterior surfaces of the seminal glands (vesicles) and ampullae of the ductus deferens.

76
Q

The rectosigmoid junction, near the

pelvic brim, is retroperitoneal. True or false? If false, explain.

A

False.

It is intraperitoneal.

77
Q

Neurovasculature order of the pelvis from cavity to wall

A

Arteries, veins, somatic nerves

78
Q

The six main arteries that enter the lesser pelvis of females

A

Paired: internal iliac and ovarian arteries
Unpaired: median sacral and superior rectal arteries.

79
Q

The four main arteries that enter the lesser pevis of males

A

Paired: internal iliac
Unpaired: median sacral and superior rectal arteries.

80
Q

Level of bifurcation of common iliac artery into internal and external iliac arteries

A

Llevel of the IV disc between the L5 and S1 vertebrae

81
Q

Fibrous cords formed from the cut occluded parts of the umbilicus

A

Medial umbilical ligament

82
Q

The main continuation of the internal iliac arteries before birth

A

Umbilical artery

83
Q

Male conterpart of the vaginal artery

A

Inferior vesical artery

84
Q

Female homolog of the artery to the ductus deferens in the male

A

Uterine artery

85
Q

The uterine artery passes directly inferior to the ureter. True or false? If false, explain.

A

False.

It passes directly superiorly. Water under the bridge.

Pelvis and Perineurium (4 decks)

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