Musculoskeletal System study guide Flashcards
Know what the skeletal system provides for the body?
Structural support.
Know what the musculoskeletal system consists of?
Muscles, Tendons, Ligaments, and Bones.
Know what bone marrow produces?
All blood cells.
Know what is stored in bone marrow?
Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P)
Know what are the various types of bone.
Compact and Spongy
Know what are the various types of muscles.
Cardiac, Skeletal, and smooth
Know what is the function of muscles.
Aids in movement and coordination
Know what is a common form of joint disease?
Osteoarthritis
Know what the result of osteoarthritis is,
the areas it affects,
and is it curable?
Loss of normal cushioning,
Knees, hips, spine, hands, and feet
there is no cure, but slowing the degeneration is possible
Know what the various treatments are for osteoarthritis?
Occupational and physical therapy and taking care of yourself
Oral NSAIDs
& Steroid injections
Know what the result of misuse of Acetaminophen is?
Common cause of liver failure
Know where aspirin comes from and when it was first marketed?
Aspirin comes from the willow tree
By Bayer company in 1899
Know what are the classifications of aspirin and its indications.
Analgesic- treats Pain
Antipyretic- reduces fever
Anti-Inflammatory- reduces inflammation
Anticoagulant- Prevents blood clots
Know what type of individual aspirin is contraindicated for?
Young children and teenagers
Know what Reye’s syndrome is?
A life-threatening disorder affecting the liver and brain, but it can affect any organ
Know what cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme is?
COX-1 Promotes platelet aggregation, metabolic function
COX-2 At the site of injury it releases prostaglandin which is responsible for pain, heat, and inflammation that is part of the healing process
Know what is the correct auxiliary label to be placed on the medication container for NSAIDs?
Take with food
Know what side effects COX-1, and COX-2 inhibitors produce?
COX-1: Gastric ulceration, bleeding, renal damage
COX-2: Long-term use can result in hypertension, edema, and congestive heart failure.
Know what is the mechanism of action of opioid analgesics?
They attach to the receptor site on the opioid target cell in the brain and changes the perception of pain at CNS and spinal cord level
Know what CII narcotic analgesics cause?
Sedation and respiratory depression
Know what conditions and symptoms are of osteoporosis?
Systemic skeletal disease
low bone mass and deterioration, bones become brittle and easily fractured
The danger is a bone fracture
Affects postmenopausal women more
Know what can prevent osteoporosis?
Lifestyle changes, exercise, diet, smoking cessation, calcium, and vitamin D supplements
Know what 15 minutes of sunlight twice weekly can provide?
Supply of enough vitamin D for the body.
Know what will result in long-term use of corticosteroids?
Excessive thyroid hormones promote osteoporosis
Know what gouty arthritis is, and how it occurs?
It is an acute attack build-up of uric acid in the blood.
Uric acid crystals lead to inflammation and pain
Know what are some natural methods to treat osteoporosis?
Weight loss, abstaining from alcohol, diets low in beef, lamb, and pork
Know what drug classification is used to treat osteoporosis?
NSAIDs, Colchicine, and Corticosteroid.
Know why muscle relaxants are indicated.
Injuries to the musculoskeletal system.
Know what is the mechanism of action of neuromuscular blockers.
Relax skeletal muscles to induce paralysis.
Know what type of neuromuscular blockers and their efficacy.
Depolarizing: Succinylcholine
Non-Depolarizing: It blocks receptor activation preventing neural transmission of impulses to the muscles.
